Aristotles Theory of Slavery - 1295 Words

Some aspects of Aristotles theory of slavery Slavery -- natural or conventional? Aristoles theory of slavery is found in Book I, Chapters iii through vii of the Politics. and in Book VII of the Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle raises the question of whether slavery is natural or conventional. He asserts that the former is the case. So, Aristotles theory of slavery holds that some people are naturally slaves and others are naturally masters. Thus he says: But is there any one thus intended by nature to be a slave, and for whom such a condition is expedient and right, or rather is not all slavery a violation of nature? There is no difficulty in answering this question, on grounds both of reason and of fact. For that some should†¦show more content†¦There is a slave or slavery by law as well as by nature. The law of which I speak is a sort of convention-- the law by which whatever is taken in war is supposed to belong to the victors. But this right many jurists impeach, as they would an orator who brought forward an unconstitutional measure: they detest the notion that, because one man has the power of doing violence and is superior in brute strength, another shall be his slave and subject. So, those who hold thatShow MoreRelated Aristotles View of Slavery Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pagestime, for he regarded slavery as a natural course of nature and believed that certain people were born to be slaves due to the fact that their soul lacked the rational part that should rule in a human being; However in certain circumstances it is evident that Aristotle did not believe that all men who were slaves were meant to be slaves. In his book Politics, Aristotle begins with the Theory of The Household, and it is here that the majority of his views upon slavery are found. With the Read MoreThe Nature of Man as Political Animal Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pages Not everyone will agree with Aristotles political theory, but it is essential to understand the principals that underline the new political theories. Aristotles politics is one of the most influential books of political philosophy. His main ideology consists in that a man is by nature a political animal because he can reason and communicate with others, therefore, has the potential to alter or change his living conditions for better because he can recognize the difference from right or wrong.Read More Slavery in Aristotles Works Essay3296 Words   |  14 Pagesinvestigation of any aspect of Aristotle’s political theories is undertaken, we must take a moment to acknowledge that many of the institutions and doctrines he defends have been repudiated in modern political thought. In fact many such institutions are appalling and simply morally wrong. One such institution is slavery. Aristotle argues in the Politics that slavery is just. No argument is needed to conclude that Aristotle made a terrible ethical and moral error in defending slavery. Further we must acceptRead MoreThe Impossible Quest For The Ideal Society1645 Words   |  7 PagesSimpson HON 171 23 September 2016 The Impossible Quest for the Ideal Society The idea of the ideal society is one that has been debated for centuries. Many theories have been conjured up by intellectuals, all with differing divisions of power, wealth, and labor. Two of these competing theories are those presented in Plato’s The Republic and Aristotle’s Politics. While they both present a wide range of views on many issues, this paper will only focus on two issues that go hand-in-hand: slavery’s role inRead MoreEvolution of Slavery in Justice Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesSlavery is immoral. Why? Because we hold this truth to be self-evident: that all men are created equal? Because life, liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness are unalienable rights endowed by our Creator? (â€Å"Declaration of Independence.† 1776.) Well, not all men are created equal. At least according to our Founding Fathers, African tribes, 18th century Europeans, the ancient Romans and Greeks, and †¦ the Bible. As a matter of fact, slavery has not been im moral from humanity’s (also to be interpretedRead MoreAristotle s Views On Politics1031 Words   |  5 Pages To start off, it is important to understand where Aristotle’s is coming from. Aristotle looked for solutions in a Universal manner. Basically, the principles and solutions for correctness comes from the idea that they have to be natural more than conventional. The idea of the good from Aristotle’s point of view comes from observation, he believed that the good is the final cause(there are three others that will be discussed), and that everyone can understand judgement and collective moral actionRead MorePlato And Aristotle s View Of Civilian Expectations987 Words   |  4 Pagessituations when these laws are detrimental to themselves, or their societies. Firstly, this composition will partake in an analysis of Platonic theory regarding the roles and obligations expected of individuals within a society, referencing specific examples from Crito and othe r scholarly works. In succession, this paper will then dedicate a portion to Aristotle’s view of civilian expectations, and the factors which contribute to an individual’s willingness to accept and comply to governmental guidelinesRead More aristotle Essay859 Words   |  4 Pages a mere part and the city is more important than the individual Aristotle’s admiration of the social system in a polis shows his support to the slavery. The polis consisted of citizens which men were born to citizen parent’s women children and slaves. Men were considered to be the only rational creation and had to engage and contribute in the political association of the city, while slaves were used for work. Aristotle’s above argument had some major weakness and flaws in it, he addressRead MoreAristotle s Views On Politics980 Words   |  4 Pagesthinkers of political theory in western civilization. Therefore, it is important to understand the gist of his work Politics from our perspective. Influenced by Plato’s Republic and Laws, Politics presents synthesis of lifetime political thoughts and observations. The philosopher attempts to answer many questions such as; the relation between states and people, harnessing the best life style of citizens, best education, type of constituents, democracy, inequality and slavery. These are crucial topicsRead MoreSummary Of Juan Gin?ï ¿ ½s De Sepluvedas And Seplveda1111 Words   |  5 Pagesthat the Indians were â€Å"inferior beings† and he reinforced his idea by using Aristotle’s view on barbarians which was his theory of natural slavery . Las Casas countered Sepà ºlveda on every argument that he made against the Indians, even going as far as to rea nalyze Aristotle’s theory. Aristotle’s theory showed the differentiation between human groups who were civilized and those who were barbarians . Using Aristotle’s theory, Sepà ºlveda argued that the Indians â€Å"were irrational being whose inherently

Porter s Five Forces Framework Essay - 1605 Words

In the age of industrialisation and globalisation, there are numerous companies attempting to operate effectively and efficiently. Nonetheless, it seems to be tough for many enterprises, which are struggling to develop, survive, as well as compete against other companies. Therefore, they need wise strategies to efficiently access the balance power in a business situation and determine the level of competitiveness in industries’ environment. Porter’s â€Å"Five Forces† model focuses on business’ external environment where many factors influencing the success of companies, including industry rivalry, competition from new entrants, substitute products, bargaining power of buyers, as well as suppliers. (See Figure 1.). Porter’s Five Forces Framework Source: Adapted from Porter, 2008, p.27. Figure 1. The diagram indicates â€Å"Porter’s Five Forces Framework.† First of all, rivalry among existing competitors is also known as industry rivalry, which contains many kinds of competition, such as pricing strategies, new product launching, advertising campaigns, improvement of current goods and services, and sales promotion. (Dalken, 2014, p.3.). These types competition can be seen as barriers for many new businesses, which want to enter an industry with a high level of existing companies. Moreover, there are some other factors that help companies to determine the level of competitive rivalry, including the number of competing firms, the relative size of companies and marketShow MoreRelatedPorter s Five Forces Framework992 Words   |  4 Pages5 forces analysis Porter s Five Forces Framework is a tool for analyzing competition of a business of an industry in terms of its profitability. The most unattractive industry would be one approaching pure competition, in which available profits for all firms are driven to normal profit levels. The five-forces perspective is associated with its originator, Michael E. Porter of Harvard University. This framework was first published in Harvard Business Review in 1979. Each industry generates profitsRead MorePorter s Five Forces Framework2657 Words   |  11 Pages Porter’s Five Forces Framework EnQuest PLC, Oil and Gas Industry Cristina Cebotari BA (Hons) Business Studies with Finance â€Æ' Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 1. ABOUT THE MODEL 3 1.1 ADVANTAGES 3 1.2 DISADVANTAGES 4 2. APPLYING PORTER’S FIVE FORCES TO ENQUEST PLC 5 2.1 COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 5 2.2 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 7 2.3 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 8 2.4 THREAT OF ENTRY 9 2.5 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 9 CONCLUSION 10 APPENDIX 11 REFERENCES 13 â€Æ' IntroductionRead MoreThe Usefulness And Limitation Of Porter s Five Forces Framework1523 Words   |  7 Pages The usefulness and limitation of Porter’s Five Forces Framework Introduction Porter’s five forces is a framework, which was developed by Michael Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979, was widely used in different industries for structural analysis and corporate strategy formulation (Wu, 2012). Porter’s five forces model is considered to be a basic idea to analyze the rules of competition in an industry and stress the importantRead MoreThe Usefulness And Limitation Of Porter s Five Forces Framework1445 Words   |  6 PagesThe usefulness and limitation of Porter’s Five Forces Framework Introduction Porter’s five forces is a framework, which was developed by Michael Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979, was widely used in different industries for structural analysis and corporate strategy formulation (Wu, 2012). Porter’s five forces model is considered to be a basic idea to analyze the rules of competition in an industry and stress the important elements for the purpose of achieving a long-termRead MoreThe Usefulness And Limitation Of Porter s Five Forces Framework1498 Words   |  6 Pages I The usefulness and limitation of Porter’s Five Forces Framework Introduction Porter’s five forces is a framework, which was developed by Michael Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979, was widely used in different industries for structural analysis and corporate strategy formulation (Wu, 2012). Porter’s five forces model is considered to be a basic idea to analyze the rules of competition in an industry and stress the important elements for the purposeRead MoreAnalysis Of Porter s Five Forces Of Competition Framework1539 Words   |  7 Pagesattractiveness which can be analyzed by using â€Å"Porter’s Five Forces of Competition Framework† (Grant, 2010; pg 69). The five forces include competition from substitutes, new market entrants, and established firms as well as the power of buyers and suppliers. One of the main topics with this framework is the availability of substitutes which addresses the sensitivity to the price of a product or service and when customers will switch. Porter’s framework does not include the av ailability of complimentaryRead MoreStrategic Marketing Pl Pestle Framework And Swot765 Words   |  4 Pagesfactors are divided into two categories: macro environmental factors and internal environmental factors .Porter’s five forces model, PESTLE, GE Matrix, BCG matrix and SWOT analysis is a list of aid tools that can be used in purpose of analysing the factors and obtain strategic marketing plan. The given paper aims to provide further details about both of PESTLE framework and Porter s Five Forces model which are used to analyse the macro environmental factors, focusing on, the usefulness of each one, theRead MoreFrameworks And Models That Facilitate The It Strategy Planning Process Essay1466 Words   |  6 PagesBCIS301 - Frameworks and Models that Facilitate the IT Strategy Planning Process Results Review and Discussion Group (Alexander Vernel, Christopher Robb) CPIT, Christchurch, New Zealand Abstract: The purpose of this research is to identify frameworks and models that help support the process of creating an IT strategy plan. In order to create any plan, the creator must know the current state of the organisation, and what aspects of the organisation need to change. This research was accomplishedRead MorePorters Five Forces1232 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: The Theory of Porter’s Five Forces Porters Five Forces Kimberly S. Lawson 1018525 American Military University 04 October 2012 Abstract Michael Porter’s Five Forces model is a very sophisticated theory for calculating a company s economical standing. Michael Porter established a structure that shapes a structure that monitors an industry and is often used in strategic planning. Porter s detailed five forces model is one of the most frequentlyRead MoreThe Five Forces-General Assumption1099 Words   |  5 PagesThe five forces – general assumption The threat of the entry of new competitors Profitable markets that yield high returns will attract new firms. This results in many new entrants, which eventually will decrease profitability for all firms in the industry. Unless the entry of new firms can be blocked by incumbents, the abnormal profit rate will fall towards zero (perfect competition). * The existence of barriers to entry (patents, rights, etc.) The most attractive segment is one in which entry

Ikea Marketing Plan Essay - 4219 Words

MARKETING PLAN INTRODUCTION 3 IKEA HISTORY AND ENVIRONMENT 3 IKEA TARGET MARKET 6 BRIEF PRODUCT OVERVIEW 8 COMPETITIVE REVIEW 9 Product Positioning 9 Competitions 9 DISTRIBUTION REVIEW 9 Objective and challenges 11 Challenges 12 SWOT 13 COMPANY MARKETING CARACTERISTICS 13 PRODUCT LINE, BRAND AND SERVICES 16 PRICE 18 Designing Pricing Strategies and Programs 19 PLACE 20 PROMOTION 22 INTEGRATED MARKETING PLAN MIX 24 Budget 24 Control 24 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IKEA group is one of the top furniture retailers in the world. With its unique combination of form, function and affordability, IKEA distinguished itself from other furniture retailers. With its success in Europe, IKEA entered the American market with†¦show more content†¦To study geographical market, Ikea, as we studied before, is in many countries around the world. The marketsplace of the company is Internet where you can observe the catalogues, the different shops around the world, the tendencies of the designs†¦ The strategy they follow is to realize the people have a need and from this, they try to converse this need in a want (with promotion, modern design†¦) and this want is translated in demand which suppose the benefits for the company. In addition, the company tries to follow 3 strategies: ï  ¬ Way to expand total market demand ï  ¬ Protect current market share ï  ¬ Increase the market share To defend against competitor, Ikea uses to follow a Preemptive defense because they attack before competitors start their actions. BRIEF PRODUCT OVERVIEW IKEA offers a wide range of furniture products, from small boxes or baskets, to complete kitchens and bedrooms. Some of the most important furnishings that IKEA offers are: †¢ Upholstered furniture, coffee tables, rattan furniture, bookshelves, media storage, doorknobs †¢ Beds, wardrobes, hall furniture †¢ Dining tables and chairs †¢ Bookcass †¢ Bathroom articles †¢ Kitchens †¢ Chairs, desks †¢ Materials, curtains †¢ Garden furniture †¢ Carpets †¢ Bedlinen, bed covers, pillows/cushions †¢ Childrens items †¢ Curtain accessories †¢ Kitchen utensils †¢ Boxes, wall decoration, pictures andShow MoreRelatedIkea Marketing Plan3836 Words   |  16 PagesIkea Marketing plan Executive Summary IKEA is one of the world s top furniture retailers, and its International sells home furnishings and other housewares in about 270 stores in 35 countries. To cut transportation costs, IKEA uses flat packaging for most of its furniture; customers assemble the products at home. The company designs its own furniture, which is made by about 1,300 suppliers in more than 50 countries. IKEA s stores feature playrooms for children and value cuisine restaurantsRead MoreIkea Marketing Plan8221 Words   |  33 PagesIKEA Marketing Plan – Part I Submitted to: John Daly Submitted by: Lindsay Churchman Matthew Holland Jamie Krebs Eveline Man Chris Manellis Chelsea Slade Due Date: February 17, 2011 MRK428MS Internal Environment IKEA current marketing goal and objective The IKEA vision is to create a better life for many people who purchase their products. Their main objectives are: - IKEA produces cheap and affordable products for the customers - The company wants better life for those who cannot afford expensiveRead MoreIkea s Marketing Plan For Ikea1478 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction IKEA is an internationally known home furnishing retailer that has grown rapidly since it was founded in 1943 and is renowned around the world for its Scandinavian style. The majority of IKEA s furniture is flat-pack, ready to be assembled by the consumer that helps in the reduction of costs and packaging. Moreover; IKEA carries a range of 9,500 products, including home furniture and accessories. This wide range of option is available in all IKEA stores and customers can also orderRead MoreIke Strategic And Marketing Planning Essay1003 Words   |  5 PagesIKEA Opens More Click-and-Collect Stores as Customers Move Online An article, written by Saabira Chaudhuri, presents Ikea’s most recent plans to expand their market. The information, released in this article, illustrates both strategic and marketing planning, evident in Ikea’s latest venture. As Michael Levens explains, in our text, â€Å"strategic planning identifies the overall direction of a business†, while â€Å"marketing planning includes those activities devoted to accomplishing marketing objectives†Read MoreSmart Design4671 Words   |  19 PagesSWOT Analysis Competitive Analysis Grid Product-Branding Strategy Marketing Plan 11 Products Distribution (Place) Price Promotion Strategy Sales Process and Sales Tactics Operations Plan 12 Design and Development Plan 13 Management and Personnel 14 Schedule 15 Risks and Overcome 17 Financial Plan 18 Appendix 19 Executive Summary This document will be discussing the different aspects of the business plan for a new startup company which is about creating a unique furnitureRead MoreMarketing Planning2944 Words   |  12 Pagesthe characteristics of the marketing plan. Firstly, it will identify the role and nature of marketing plan. Secondly, it will outlines the structure of the marketing plan. Moreover, the paper will determines the each elements in the marketing plan and the linkage between these elements. Additionally, the two misconceptions will be examined. Last, it will conclude the marketing plan is indispensable to the organizations. Role and Nature of Marketing Plan Marketing plan is a business document thatRead MoreZara Marketing Plan Draft3462 Words   |  14 PagesHigher Diploma in Sales and Marketing – YEAR 3 Marketing Planning ZARA Course code/Class: 21905F/3D Group members: Chan Oi Yee (3) Chan Wing Sum (4) Cheng Jacqualine Wing Chun (5) Chiu Ka Man (9) Fong Ka Man (13) Leung Hoi Yi (22) Lecturer: Ms Cherry Tsui CONTENT INTRODUCTION EXCECUTIVE SUMMARY SITUATION ANALYSIS (PEST) SITUATION ANALYSIS (SWOT) SITUATION ANALYSIS (5 FORCES) OBJECTIVES (SHORT TERM) OBJECTIVES (LONG TERM) OBJECTIVES (PULLBACKS) TARGET MARKET MARKETING STRATEGIES FINANCIAL PLANNINGRead MoreTransnational Strategy3449 Words   |  14 Pagesinvolves a situation where a company tries to achieve maximum local responsiveness in product offering and marketing strategy, which will match different national conditions. This strategy differs from transnational strategy in that the latter looks at the bigger global market trying to take advantage of all the available global factors (Hill Jones, 2008). Under the strategy, production, marketing and research and development activities are established in each national market where the company operatesRead MoreBusiness Plan9238 Words   |  37 PagesMadam, SUBMISSION OF BUSINESS PLAN PROPOSAL (ENT 300) Referring to the subject stated above, we submitted this proposal of our project paper for our ENT 300 subject.This business plan is focusing on doing education service. The name of the service itself explains the tuition service that we offer. 2. We had put our best commitment to complete this business plan according to the guidelines and requirements given according to our subject syllabus. This business plan is constructed to serve as a blueprintRead MoreMarketing Audit Approach - Ikea1571 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing Audit Approach - IKEA Marketing Audit Overview â€Å"What is a marketing audit? Quite simply, it is a detailed analysis of the elements that constitute or influence a company’s efforts to profitably market its products- today and in future when both market and products may undergo radical change† ( John, Alexander, Theodore, 1969). The marketing audit helps to understand the fundamentals of a company’s marketing planning process. Auditing is not only conducted not only at the planning

Themes Of Immortality And Improbable Brotherhood Of...

Themes of Immortality and Improbable Brotherhood of Gilgamesh and Enkidu â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh† takes two very different characters and places them together with numerous battles causing an outcome of brotherhood. Gilgamesh is the fifth king of Uruk an evolving character who is two-thirds god and one-third man. He is a demigod who is known for his hubris and building the walls of Uruk for his peoples protection. Enkidu is the conception of the goddess Aruru made of clay and salvia to tame Gilgamesh of his exaggerated pride. Enkidu’s life starts with him being cared for by the animals and running free in the cedar woods. The differences mentioned about the two characters appear to fade during the reading. Readers will notice how both characters were created in the image of gods to be each other’s equal, a formed brotherhood and loss brotherhood leading to a quest for immortality. Gilgamesh has many themes that all cause the brotherhood of Gilgamesh and Enkidu which later lead to a quest for immortality. The fact are the gods have made someone as strong as Gilgamesh to defeat him when or if needed. Enkidu’s entire creation is to tame Gilgamesh the epic hero of this poem. â€Å"Although respected the hero is not always someone who is likeable† (Grandfield, 4). This described Gilgamesh how he took care of his people and ensured their safety, yet they feared him. Sexuality brings about the meeting of Gilgamesh and Enkidu. Enkidu was happy and running free in the woods until a

Breastfeeding Versus Bottle Feeding

Question: Discuss about the Breastfeeding Versus Bottle Feeding. Answer: Introduction: Breastfeeding is the provision of nutrition to a baby through breast milk of the mother by the baby suckling. It is the most commonly used method of feeding infants by mothers due to various reasons as outlined throughout this writing (Hall, 2012). On the other hand, bottle-feeding is an alternative method of feeding a baby in which a baby is fed using a feeding bottle instead of the breast. Bottle feeding can be used to either feed the baby with breast milk that has been expressed or other prepared liquid foods. This method has increasingly gained popularity in most societies over time as one of the best alternatives for breastfeeding due to a number of reasons as well that are discussed herein. There are several other methods of feeding a baby, but this writing focuses on these two approaches and aims to outline reasons for using each of these techniques, advantages, disadvantages, procedures and instances under which they can or cannot be utilized (Samour King, 2012). Besides the benefits and cons of using these means of feeding a child playing a significant role in determining the choice of a method of breastfeeding, several other factors influence the choice as well. These factors include physical, social, economic, cultural and health issues (Biddy Gardner-Webb University, 2012). The mental status of the mother can, for instance, dictate the kind of feeding to be used. In some cases mothers develop puerperal psychosis son after delivery, a factor that hinders breastfeeding because of the injury risks posed by the mother to her baby and therefore bottle feeding is used. Breastfeeding as well requires a lot of support from the family members to the mother in order for it to be used reliably. Breastfeeding and nursing of the baby demand dedication and commitment besides being time-consuming. For that reason, the mother should be supported both socially and emotionally by other family members throughout this process by exempting her from performin g some duties. On the other hand, the physical well-being of the mother and the baby are crucial determinants in the choice of baby feeding. Breastfeeding can be impossible if a mother has an injury or tenderness on her breast due to some reasons. In such circumstances, they resort to bottle feeding. In extreme cases when a mother is hospitalized for severe medical conditions, they cant also breastfeed. Notably, exclusive breastfeeding is advocated for under normal conditions for at least six months before introducing other foods besides it (Cole, 2014). However, for mothers who are infected with HIV, breastfeeding is halted at the sixth month after conception before bottle feeding is used for the baby to reduce the chances of exposing the child to the HIV virus. Equally, bottle feeding is encouraged and carried out in situations when the mother is under medical therapy involving drugs that are secreted in milk and associated with some adverse effects on the child. Furthermore, nutritional status of the mother, educational levels, cultural background and beliefs impact the perception towards breastfeeding in various societies. Moreover, the babys condition influences the method of use. Infants born prematurely have no suckling reflex and therefore are unable to breastfeed. In the same way, those with mouth deformities such as cleft lip and palate fail to suckle hence breastfeeding may be contraindicated due to the risks of aspiration. It has also been noted that there is the higher tendency of breastfeeding in younger mothers as compared to those with advanced age. Moreover, economic status also plays a significant role in influencing the technique of use. Women with higher economic status in most instances consider bottle feeding as a better option of feeding their babies (Wambach Riordan, 2014). Despite all these factors, there are other associated advantages and disadvantages for each method. In the case of breastfeeding, it can be preferred since it is non-allergic; it meets the infants nutritional needs without supplementation besides boosting of their immunity by antibodies present in breast milk. Constipation is rarely experienced as milk is easily digested. It is also economical, easy to use; no need for preparation and it enhances mother-infant attachment. It has also contributed to eating a well-balanced diet by the mother, losing weight gained during pregnancy as well as oxytocin released during breastfeeding aiding in involution. However, certain shortcomings are associated with breastfeeding such as the need for more frequent food intake by the child as well as the time to time changing of diapers due to increased frequency of passing stools. Its also hard to determine the amount of milk consumed per day if such information is required (Newman, 2014). The medication secreted in milk can affect the health and development of the infant as some are less tolerated at that tender age. It poses a challenge to mothers too since some may have discomfort breastfeeding in public. On the other hand, there are benefits associated with bottle feedings such as the baby being fed by anyone who is available at any given time whether day or night. Infants too tend to feed less frequently approximately three to four hours. Besides, the amount of milk consumed per feeding is known, and such information can be useful in tracking input and output of the baby. The caretaker can thus plan well on the amount from such information by approximating daily intake in instances when the mother may be unavailable such as when attending to other activities (Cobb-Barston, 2012). The disadvantage of this method is that it is relatively expensive as compared to breastfeeding since the formula given and the feeding bottles are bought and maintained by refrigeration. The maintenance of these bottles involves washing them and disinfecting. One can also forget to carry with them the formula and feeding bottle when traveling. This method has also been implicated in the development of constipation in infants (Hall, 2012). References Biddy, D. A., Gardner-Webb University. (2012).Why do mothers choose not to breastfeed? Boiling Springs, North Carolina: Gardner-Webb University. Cole, S. (2014).Breastfeeding challenges made easy for late preterm infants: The go-to guide for nurses and lactation consultants. New York : Springer Publishing Company Cobb-Barston, S. M. (2012).Bottled up: How the way we feed babies has come to define motherhood, and why it shouldn't. Berkeley: University of California Press. Hall, T. (2012).Save our sleep feeding: A parent's guide to healthy eating from nursing to family meals. Sydney, N.S.W: Pan Macmillan. Newman, J. (2014).Dr. Jack Newman's guide to breastfeeding. New York: Pinter Martin Samour, P. Q., King, K. (2012).Pediatric nutrition. Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning. Wambach, K., Riordan, J. (2014).Breastfeeding and human lactation. Burlington, MA : Jones Bartlett Learning

Coffee and Company Overview Starbucks free essay sample

Starbucks is an international company which was started in 1971 at Seattle’s Pike Place Market. Today, Starbucks operates in around 60 countries around the world, and they have more than 18,000 stores. Starbucks keep expanding the number of retail stores, and as a result it is the largest and most well-known coffee shop in the world. In 1987, Howard Schulz bought Starbucks, and the company really took off in a dramatic way, and has continued to be successful from that time until today. Howard Schulz was determined to make Starbucks into a â€Å"place for conversation and community,† and this idea influenced the Starbucks mission, which is â€Å"to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time. † Starbucks has been working to increase customer satisfaction by improving beverage taste, the speed of service provided, the friendliness of Starbucks employees, and by bringing forth new retail and beverage items constantly. To Starbucks, providing service is more important than the quality of coffee. Starbucks strives to provide quality customer service and create an inviting atmosphere and an exceptional cup of coffee. 1. Identify the controllable and uncontrollable elements that Starbucks has encountered in entering global markets. According to the text, the controllable elements are those which are within the organization and are eligible to controlling the operation of an organization, which includes the management, or more detailed business plans or strategies they are carrying. The controllable elements that Starbucks has encountered in entering global markets would be higher price in Italy, and their promotion. Starbucks spends just 1% of revenue on Advertisement of new launches. There are many uncontrollable elements such as competition, culture economic forces and political/legal forces. Organizations cannot control the uncontrollable elements, but they must learn to adapt to them or, in other words, must manage them. One of those elements Starbucks has encountered in entering global markets is that 14% of economy down turn in Japan. Starbucks also have to compete with local rivals where they offer drinks at similar fare in Japan and this could be also one of the uncontrollable elements. 2. What are the major sources of risk facing the company? Starbucks are facing problems of changing generation. After riding the wave of successful baby boomers through the 1990s, they faces an ominously hostile reception from its future consumers, the twenty- or thirty-somethings of Generation X. People in this generation do not feel like spending $3 for a cup of coffee. Some young generation just find the whole Starbucks scene a bit pretentious and they would rather go to Dunkin Donuts for cheaper coffee and food. A possible solution for this problem would be offering new facilities to their customers. Starbucks continues to try fundaental store changes, such as expanding a high-speed wireless Internet service to about 1,200 Starbucks locations in North America and Europe. This offer might make new generation think that it seems reasonable to pay $3 per cup. Starbucks executives hope such innovations will be helping surmount their toughest challange in the home market: attracting the next generation of customers. 3. Critique Starbucks’ overall corporate strategy. Even though Starbucks have many stores around the world, eight cities in the U. S. and Canada remained unaccessed. Since U. S. is the starter of Starbucks, the company should expand their business to all the cities. The more outlets they have the more sales they would have. Starbucks is one of the companies which use very few advertising expenses. They rarly advertise in media and focus more on word of mouth which seems to be working but the company would improve in a better way by advertising more in media and public. If they spend more money on advertising the company would raise more in sales such as bilboard ads, commercial and public posters. Moreover, they pay low for their employees which is considered as a problem within their company. By paying the employees with more high rate, it would motivate the emplooyees to work harder which will lead to high sales. 4. How might Starbucks improve profitability in Japan? Japan is one the countries in the world that have high a Starbucks consumer rates. However, the marketing strategy in Japan is improvable in many ways. First, the price positioning in is higher compared to other countries. A customer in Japan can only buy a small size coffee with the price where a customer in US can buy a grande coffee. This should be improved since the price in Starbucks is too high compared to other coffee shops in Japan. By reducing the prce, the sales would increase with benefits. Another problem is that Starbucks tend to have long waiting lines at many stores (unless it is not located in a very rural area) which can be a huge loss time for business people in Japan. Targeting those business people, they should launch an online ordering and pick-up system so that they can order without considering the time. Consumers would find the service useful to order online by reducing the time the consumers have to spend waiting in the line and for the coffee to be made. As a marketing strategy in Japan, Starbucks should offer services that fit into Japanese cultures and lifestyles.