Justin Leung Essays (390 words) - Education, Sexuality And Society

Justin Leung 3/11/17 The contention behind the control of books holds numerous perspectives. Books have been upgrading understudies understanding of cutting edge writing and presented them to a degree of development that makes a superior individual of value. In actuality, guardians have been contending to class authorities and organization about certain understanding material and substance being hostile and upsetting to numerous understudies. From a positive perspective, books epitomizing discussion are a decent method to open understudies and youthful perusers to the world at an alternate arrangement of eyes to the one as grown-ups and adults see it. The reality remains that numerous understudies consider these to be as off-base and incapable in typifying a slipped change into another world and level of development. This, books maintaining contention ought to be controlled and prohibited. Books of dubious qualities and sentiments ought to be restricted and blue-penciled. For example, the content of the article Book-Banning Now states, Most habitually, books are tested on the grounds that they contain obscenity or viciousness, sex or sex training, homosexuality, black magic, and the new age' ways of thinking, depictions of defiant kids, or politically off base, bigot, or misogynist language. This shows how these books of discussion hold many progressed and inaccurate thoughts that are freely accessible and effectively available for understudies to acquire and abuse for improper conduct. What's more, the content of Some FAQ About First Amendments expressed, However state funded school understudies do have First correction opportunities, the courts permit school authorities to manage particular sorts of understudy articulation. For instance, school authorities may deny discourse that generously upsets the school condition or that attacks the privileges of others. Numerou s courts have held that school authorities can confine understudy discourse that is vulgar. This demonstrates understudy's free articulation and access to a wide range of books may will in general lead to disturbance and center in a learning domain not exclusively to the understudies however everyone around them just as the teacher driving the class. Taking everything into account, schools should boycott and blue pencil questionable understanding material and substance. In spite of the fact that these sorts of books can inconclusively permit understudies to grasp a universe of development, this at last winds up in a larger part of understudies who abuse the free and community to that kind of material and misuse the substance in unseemly conduct and activity in schools and outside schools.

Part Three Chapter III

III Gavin could have welcomed Mary into his office to talk about the latest trade of letters with the insurance agency, yet chose to visit her at home. He had kept the late evening liberated from arrangements, in case she may approach him to remain for something to eat; she was an awesome cook. His natural avoiding her bare sadness had been disseminated by customary contact. He had consistently enjoyed Mary, however Barry had overshadowed her in organization. Not that she at any point seemed to hate her supporting job; despite what might be expected, she had appeared to be pleased to embellish the foundation, cheerful giggling at Barry's jokes, glad just to be with him. Gavin questioned that Kay had ever been glad to take on a supporting role in her life. Smashing the riggings as he drove up Church Row, he felt that Kay would have been offended by any proposal that she adjust her conduct or stifle her feelings for her accomplice's delight, his joy or his confidence. He didn't feel that he had ever been unhappier in a relationship than he was presently. Indeed, even in the final breaths of the issue with Lisa, there had been impermanent ceasefires, snickers, abrupt piercing tokens of better occasions. The circumstance with Kay resembled war. Once in a while he overlooked that there should be any friendship between them; did she at any point like him? They had their most exceedingly terrible ever contention by phone on the morning after Miles and Samantha's evening gathering. Inevitably, Kay had hammered down the recipient, cutting Gavin off. For an entire twenty-four hours he had accepted that their relationship was at an end, and despite the fact that this was what he needed he had encountered more dread than help. In his dreams, Kay basically vanished back to London, yet the truth was that she had fastened herself to Pagford with a vocation and a little girl at Winterdown. He confronted the possibility of chancing upon her any place he went in the minuscule town. Maybe she was at that point harming the well of tattle against him; he envisioned her rehashing a portion of the things she had said to him on the phone to Samantha, or to that meddling elderly person in the shop who gave him goose-substance. I removed my girl and left my activity and moved house for you, and you treat me like a hooker you don't need to pay. Individuals would state that he had carried on seriously. Maybe he had carried on seriously. There more likely than not been a vital moment that he should have pulled back, yet he had not seen it. Gavin spent the entire end of the week agonizing on how it would feel to be viewed as the miscreant. He had never been in that position. After Lisa had left him, everyone had been caring and thoughtful, particularly the Fairbrothers. Blame and fear hounded him until, on Sunday evening, he broke and called Kay to apologize. Presently he was back where he would not like to be, and he abhorred Kay for it. Leaving his vehicle in the Fairbrothers' drive, as he had done so frequently when Barry was alive, he set out toward the front entryway, seeing that someone had cut the garden since he had last called. Mary addressed his ring on the doorbell quickly. ‘Hi, how †Mary, what's going on?' Her entire face was wet, her eyes overflowing with precious stone brilliant tears. She swallowed on more than one occasion, shook her head, and afterward, without very knowing how it had occurred, Gavin wound up holding her in his arms on the doorstep. ‘Mary? Has something occurred?' He felt her gesture. Intensely mindful of their uncovered situation, of the open street behind him, Gavin moved her inside. She was little and delicate in his arms; her fingers gripped at him, her face squeezed into his jacket. He surrendered his folder case as delicately as could reasonably be expected, however its sound hitting the floor caused her to pull back from him, her breath short as she secured her mouth with her hands. ‘I'm sorry †¦ I'm sorry †¦ gracious God, Gav †¦' ‘What's occurred?' His voice sounded unique in relation to regular: strong, take order, progressively like the manner in which Miles once in a while talked in an emergency at work. ‘Someone's put †¦ I don't †¦ somebody's put Barry's †¦' She coaxed him into the home office, jumbled, ratty and comfortable, with Barry's old paddling trophies on the racks, and a major confined photo on the mass of eight adolescent young ladies punching the air, with decorations around their necks. Mary pointed a trembling finger at the PC screen. Still in his jacket, Gavin dropped into the seat and gazed at the message leading group of Pagford Parish Council's site. ‘I w-was in the store toward the beginning of today, and Maureen Lowe disclosed to me that bunches of individuals had put messages of sympathy on the site †¦ so I was going to p-present a message on s-state bless your heart. Furthermore, †look †¦' He spotted it as she talked. Simon Price Unfit to Stand for Council, posted by The Ghost of Barry Fairbrother. ‘Jesus Christ,' said Gavin in nauseate. Mary broke up into tears once more. Gavin needed to return his arms around her, yet was reluctant to, particularly here, in this cozy little room so brimming with Barry. He undermined by grabbing hold of her slim wrist and driving her through the corridor into the kitchen. ‘You need a beverage,' he advised her, in that newly solid and telling voice. ‘Sod espresso. Where's the best possible stuff?' Be that as it may, he recollected before she replied; he had seen Barry remove the jugs from the pantry regularly enough, so he blended her a little gin and tonic, which was the main thing he had known her beverage before supper. ‘Gav, it's four toward the evening.' ‘Who cares the slightest bit?' said Gavin, in his new voice. ‘Get that down you.' A lopsided chuckle broke her cries; she acknowledged the glass and tasted. He brought her kitchen move to clean her face and eyes. ‘You're so kind, Gav. Don't you need anything? Espresso or †¦ or brew?' she asked, on another frail chuckle. He brought himself a jug from the cooler, removed his jacket and plunked down inverse her at the island in the room. Inevitably, when she had flushed the greater part of her gin, she became quiet and calm once more, the manner in which he generally thought of her. ‘Who d'you think did it?' she asked him. ‘Some absolute jerk,' said Gavin. ‘They're all battling about his gathering seat, presently. Quarreling ceaselessly over the Fields not surprisingly. He's still in there, offering his input. The Ghost of Barry Fairbrother. Possibly it truly would him say him is, posting on the message board?' Gavin didn't know whether this was implied as a joke, and agreed to a slight grin that may be immediately expelled. ‘You know, I'd love to ponder us, any place he is; about me and the children. However, I question it. I'll wager he's still generally stressed over Krystal Weedon. Do you realize what he'd likely state to me in the event that he was here?' She depleted her glass. Gavin had not imagined that he had blended the gin extremely solid, yet there were patches of high shading on her cheeks. ‘No,' he said carefully. ‘He'd reveal to me that I have support,' said Mary, and to Gavin's bewilderment, he heard annoyance in the voice he generally thought of as delicate. ‘Yeah, he'd most likely state, €Å"you have all the family and our companions and the children to comfort you, however Krystal,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Mary's voice was getting stronger, ‘†Krystal has no one to pay special mind to her.† D'you comprehend what he spent our wedding commemoration doing?' ‘No,' said Gavin once more. ‘Writing an article for the neighborhood paper about Krystal. Krystal and the Fields. The wicked Fields. On the off chance that I never hear them referenced again, it'll be too early. I need another gin. I don't drink enough.' Gavin got her glass naturally and came back to the beverages pantry, dazed. He had consistently viewed her and Barry's marriage as actually great. Never had it happened to him that Mary may be other than 100% affirming of each adventure and campaign with which the ever-occupied Barry concerned himself. ‘Rowing training in the nighttimes, driving them to races at the ends of the week,' she stated, over the tinkling of ice he was adding to her glass, ‘and most evenings he was on the PC, attempting to get individuals to help him about the Fields, and getting stuff on the plan for board gatherings. What's more, everybody consistently stated, â€Å"Isn't Barry great, the manner in which he does everything, the manner in which he chips in, he's so engaged with the community.†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ She took a major swallow of her new gin and tonic. ‘Yes, grand. Totally great. Until it murdered him. Throughout the day, on our wedding commemoration, battling to comply with that inept time constraint. They haven't printed it yet.' Gavin couldn't take his eyes off her. Outrage and liquor had reestablished shading to her face. She was sitting upstanding, rather than cowed and slouched over, as she had been as of late. ‘That's what slaughtered him,' she said plainly, and her voice resounded a little in the kitchen. ‘He offered everything to everyone. But to me.' Since the time Barry's burial service, Gavin had abided, with a feeling of profound insufficiency, on the similarly little hole that he was certain he would abandon in his locale, should he pass on. Taking a gander at Mary, he pondered whether it would not be smarter to leave a colossal gap in one individual's heart. Had Barry not understood how Mary felt? Had he not understood how fortunate he was? The front entryway opened with a boisterous rattle, and he heard the sound of the four youngsters coming in; voices and strides and the pounding of shoes and sacks. ‘Hi, Gav,' said eighteen-year-old Fergus, kissing his mom on her head. ‘Are you drinking, Mum?' ‘It's my shortcoming,' said Gavin. ‘Blame me.' They were such decent children, the Fairbrother kids. Gavin preferred the manner in which they conversed with their mom, embraced her, talked to one another and to him. They were open, affable and clever. He thought of Gaia, her horrible asides, hushes like rough glass, the growling way she tended to him. ‘Gav, we haven't discussed the protection,' said Mary, as

That which is accepted as knowledge today is sometimes discarded Essay

That which is acknowledged as information today is once in a while disposed of tomorrow. Consider information issues raised by this statem - Essay Example In 1917, Albert Einstein supposedly has presented a hypothesis in which he suggested that the universe was basically static in nature. This hypothesis was paid attention to by most cosmologists and different researchers and maintained just like the adequate information. Be that as it may, this hypothesis has as of late been demonstrated to be altogether off-base and another hypothesis has been created insinuating the way that the universe isn't static in nature. All through mankind's history, improvement and human progress, this has for the most part been the pattern, as the advancement of new information is seen to continually make the old acknowledged information be disposed of. This anyway makes one wonder of does new information consistently happen to make the more seasoned information be disposed of? Does the advancement of new information consequently cause the more established information to be considered as being futile? People are commonly ready to pick up information by the utilization of different methods, for example, the utilization of sense recognition, language, reason and feeling. The picking up of new data in individuals is regularly observed to be programmed to such an extent that it is to a great extent viewed as very hard for somebody to have the option to stop this procedure. It is by the procurement of this new information that people resort to disposing of the old information for the new information that they have increased (International Baccalaureate Organization 13-20). The unending thirst and journey by man to increase new information apparently lends guarantee to the proposition that no framework is ever totally seen, no image is ever finished and there is no clarification that is ever adequately concluded. This reality is exemplified by the way that our most settled ideal models, for example, the Theory of Gravity are still observed to be alluded to as being speculations. This perspective apparently conveys the possibility this curr ent information may, and will undoubtedly in the end be supplanted by a more profound comprehension. As we proceed to attempt to tunnel further trying to increase an inside and out comprehension, we can continually locate various new examples that serve to negate the adequate truth that we thought we knew relating to the framework that we happen to be watching. While a portion of these new realities and subtleties cause us to basically adjust our current speculations, they now and then anyway drive us to supplant these old hypotheses with an entirely new hypothesis. Different authentic disclosures are seen to continually make us alter our at present adequate human information. Maybe one of the outlines that I see as generally fascinating in the delineation of this perspective is the impact of the nonstop disclosure of new, and already unfamiliar human fossils. By the early long periods of the twentieth century, the bigger piece of the world’s driving anatomists accepted that the most punctual people advanced and grew some place in either Asia or in Europe. At this point, the fossil survives from the Neanderthal man had as of late been found in Europe and there had additionally been a few cases of the revelation of the fossil survives from the Java man in Indonesia just as the Piltdown man stays in England. While these remaining parts supposedly was very crude it was clear that they firmly took after current people and it is this angle caused in loaning confidence to legitimacy. Anyway a fossil revelation in South Africa in 1924 was seen to fundamentally challenge the satisfactory information and perspective on an Eurasian support for humanity. An Australian researcher working in Johannesburg got two boxes of rocks that

Encountered amongst methods Essay Example

Experienced among strategies Essay Example Experienced among strategies Essay Experienced among strategies Essay Assessment: During this excursion, and while we were recording information, there were issues which were experienced among techniques, results and hence the ends. The first we ran over was the longshore float overview part. The stopper that was tossed into the ocean was lost (poor philosophy); along these lines the outcomes for this segment were mistaken as the heading/speed of the plug was not known with assurance making the outcomes off base. Along these lines, the end would need to be addressed as we can't draw a firm or exact decision about the overview on longshore float. A poor strategy was the point at which we just got one plug and we were approached to record longshore float information at two areas. This implied just one of the two areas would be utilized, implying that the outcomes were not exact by and large creation the end flawed again for the longshore float study segment. With the crotch estimations, the most precise information accessible was not gotten because of security reasons, since it would not be protected to climb onto an elusive crotch and take estimations, consequently the most exact assessments of the crotch estimations were recorded. This was the deficiency in the strategy prompting erroneous outcomes as they were generally founded on exact as potential assessments. Notwithstanding this, an end was made, which coordinated forecasts we had made, which means the information could be truly precise. There were restrictions during the day which prompted the most ideal outcomes in all classes not being acquired. There was insufficient time I felt as there were a few errands which couldn't be finished on the day, for example, the estimations of the sea shore and the investigation region, or time to rehash two or three strategies to pick up the most ideal outcomes. Another confinement was not having the option to go onto the highest point of the crotch to record information, yet this is a decent impediment as it is remembering our wellbeing. On the off chance that this whole examination was to be rehashed, I would need to invest more energy in every last bit of it to get the most exact outcomes, to get an increasingly precise end. Just as this, the techniques used to discover information for a portion of the areas would need to be modified to improve it. On the off chance that the techniques were changed to improve things, for e. g. we are given two stops and made to rehash a portion of the outcomes, at that point progressively precise information would be procured to bring about an increasingly exact end. Just as this, in addition to the fact that I would need to invest more energy in the viable side of the examination, yet in addition invest additional time in this review to put the information recorded into great words and to make it on a par with conceivable. The last issue that I would need to do if I somehow happened to do it again is to go to another coastline territory and take the very same information as from Folkestone to think about them altogether just as taking pictures to see outwardly how Folkestone looks at to different coastlines, just as likenesses between the two. In general, I feel this all has been entirely fruitful in spite of the errors.

Things That Make Life Worthwhile free essay sample

Life Is Worthwhile If You Learn Quite basically, It Is the regular request of things to develop or potentially extend. The most ideal route for us to develop as individuals, and as people is to learn. The more we learn, the better we become, the better we become, the better we make the world for everybody that we come into contact with. Many individuals feel that they can be good for others by developing themselves for other people. The thing they regularly appear to miss is the way that they can profit others most by turning into the as well as can be expected be for themselves.Therefore If you need to make life beneficial for other people, you should make It advantageous for yourself. The best way to do this Is to learn 2) Life Is Worthwhile If You Try No issue what preliminaries we face on an everyday premise, we need to do whatever we can to conquer them. We will compose a custom paper test on Things That Make Life Worthwhile or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page How would we know, on the off chance that we can survive in the event that we dont attempt. What Is the purpose of our reality If It Is not to develop? The best way to develop is to extend, to survive. So we face new preliminaries practically day by day, and for every one we should invest more energy to get past them than we did the time previously. Each time we attempt, we survive and we grow.When we develop, we make life advantageous for everybody In our pattern of Influence. 3) Life Is Worthwhile If You Stay When Mr.. Iron initially discussed this in the taped talk I heard, he was utilizing sport analogies. Not being very game arranged, I didnt completely comprehend the point he was attempting to make. In my own life showed the ideal Job. The Incredible thing about this Job Is that it is as yet Becoming. It has a great deal of duty, and every day brings its own arrangement of new and harder difficulties. I am in a job that I have been accused of making. Every so often I think, No way! Too much!It would be so natural to stop and Just leave.. . Yet, that Isnt what makes life beneficial, remaining at It, Is. Regardless of how hard it gets, I can't legitimize to myself anything that would occur on the off chance that I didnt remain. At the point when we remain, we constrain ourselves to grow 4) Life Is Worthwhile If You Care get mind blowing results. Care enough to have any kind of effect. For me, this announcement returns to one of my increasingly entertaining mantras, Except for one, perhaps unimportant, exemption the whole universe is comprised of others. It was this explanation that helped me to turn my life around. When I understood this fact,I acknowledged additionally that we should think about those others I should think about those others. I gradually went to the understanding that it was about affection. On the off chance that I love me, I love others and I additionally care about what befalls them. As I figure out how to think about others, others start to think about me. We are totally associated and all things considered, we are completely influenced by what every one of us do to all of us If I can make one individual grin when everything appears to be dull, at that point I have accomplished the best of the entirety of my accomplishments.

Disorders and Diseases of the Thyroid Research Paper

Clutters and Diseases of the Thyroid - Research Paper Example Presentation In proof based practice, simply after the issue is comprehended and inquired about can clinical experts express a present best technique for treatment. In this sort of clinical practice, clinical experts depend on bleeding edge look into results to settle on treatment choices, as opposed to on the more established strategy for accepting that custom and authority constantly held the correct responses for a patient. The best patient consideration is perceived to be a mix of the momentum substantial clinical research, a specialist's own encounter and instruction, and the circumstance of an individual patient (Fineout-Overholt, Stillwell, Williamson, Cox, and Robbins, 2010). Applied to the zone of thyroid brokenness, proof based and best practice rules could mean perceiving the impact of a particular patient's way of life on their body's wellbeing so as to differentiate between basic heftiness and a discouraged thyroid, for instance, and staying aware of the most present wri ting on which sorts of thyroid hormones are viewed as best (Maas, 2007). Since by certain assessments, as much as five percent of the general female populace and more than twenty-five percent of the whole populace beyond seventy five years old experiences some type of thyroid infection, it is indispensably significant that the clinical network comprehend these issues as they identify with thyroid brokenness (Maas, 2007; Mulryan, 2010). A few kinds of thyroid brokenness bring about the over-creation of metabolic hormones. This over-creation brings about a condition known as hyperthyroidism (Mulryan, 2010). Hyperthyroidism is most generally found in ladies until the age of sixty-five or seventy-five, so, all things considered, as in found in thyroid illness no matter how you look at it, the frequency extraordinarily increments and turns out to be similarly likely between the genders (Gutierrez, 2008). As would be normal from an organ whose object is to control the body's digestion, hy perthyroidism prompts a seriously expanded basal metabolic rate. The overactive thyroid can create as much as five to multiple times the ordinary measure of thyroid hormones and can bring about a heap of adverse impacts on the remainder of the body. This expansion in discharge is accomplished through an expansion in the size and an accessible cell lattice of the thyroid organ, such a large number of more cells can live inside the organ, just as through an expansion in the emission of the hormone by the individual thyroid cells (Hall, 2011). For the most part, this condition is actuated by an immediate contamination inside or harm to the thyroid organ itself, however it can likewise happen once in a while as an optional issue when there is a brokenness in the pituitary or nerve center organs (McCance, Huether, Brashers, and Rore, 2010). The most widely recognized sicknesses that lead to either the essential or optional brokenness of the organs are auto-insusceptible ailments, while a few reasons for reversible essential harm to the thyroid itself are an iodine inadequacy in the eating regimen or viral contamination of the thyroid (Mulryan, 2010).â

Review The Book, All The Light We Cannot See By Antony Doerr - 825 Words

Review The Book, All The Light We Cannot See By Antony Doerr (Essay Sample) Content: A book review is a piece of writing which provides a critical evaluation of the book. Usually, it is not long and has a specific structure. A review gives readers the summary of the book including the information about the author; it defines its genre, outlines the plot and offers critical characteristics of the characters. Besides, a review of a book may include the analysis of the authors writing style and the language of the story under discussion. It also provides suggestions whether it could be recommended for the readers to read and whether the latter will enjoy it or not. Below you will find an example of a book review.Book Review ExampleThe book, All the Light We Cannot See, by Anthony Doerr is a historical novel written in 2014. The novel was awarded the Pulitzer Prize as the best fiction book in 2015 following the novel's appearance in The New York Times as one of the best-selling novels of 2014.The story is set in France and Germany in the years of the Wor ld War II, mainly during the German occupation of France. The primary characters turn out two children; a German boy and a blind French girl who are revealed to struggle with the horrors of the war. According to the book, the girl, Marie-Laure LeBlanc, is a six-year-old girl whose father, a widower, works at the Natural History Museum in the capital of France. Marie-Laure cannot see, but she has mastered the skill of finding her way through the labyrinth of Paris streets using a scale-model that her father made her. The girls father is revealed to be an excellent teacher who hides presents in elaborately carved boxes with the aim of teaching his daughter to see using other senses rather than her eyes, which is a unique way to sharpen her mind. The story cites a famous museum known to house a precious if not priceless blue diamond, known as the Sea of Flames. The book highlights the Diamond to have a superpower in the context that a person keeping it gets granted eternal life, but th ose he loves are cursed being doomed to live in misfortune.In 1940, after the Nazis' invasion of France, Marie-Laure left Paris, together with her father, to find refuge in Saint-Malo where the girls uncle, Etienne resided. As it turns out, the Sea of Flames or presumably one of the copies of the diamond gets entrusted to Marie-Laures father to prevent it from capture by the Germans. The man, in turn, hides the stone in a model of the house that belonged to Etienne, his brother. The Germans later capture LeBlanc'c father, and his fate becomes unknown. After the disappearance of the man Marie-Laure is left in the care of Etienne, her great-uncle, and the housekeeper. Shortly after the incident of capture, a Nazi who hunts for treasure starts his chase after the diamond. The parallel plotline takes the readers to the town of Zollverein in Germany. The main character, Werner Pfennig, has no parents but has a preternatural gift to understand circuitry. One day Werner and his sister Jut ta find a broken radio. Having repaired it, the young boy hears some Frenchman talking about science. Thanks to his extraordinary skills in radio mechanics and love of science, he finds himself in a school training elite militants of the Nazi.After his graduation, the boy joins the Wehrmacht. In 1944, the Allied forces landed in Normandy. Werner revealed as a militant who previously got assigned a military service mission in Saint-Malo, carries on his military service assigned to a particular t...

Marketing planning - 1100 Words

Marketing planning (Essay Sample) Content: Marketing planning Name: Course: Tutor: Date: Marketing planning "Marketing planning is a logical sequence and a series of activities leading to the setting up of marketing objectives and formulation of plans for achieving them" (Mac Donlad, 2002, cited in Blois, 2000, p.454). It is based on markets, consumers, and products, business planning involves other corporate resources which will have a bearing on the identified markets (Mc Donald, 2002) cited in Blois, 2000, p.455). Marketing planning is aimed at matching the marketing mix for the product with ever changing customer needs, as well as seeking opportunities to use the companies' strengths to market the products in new markets (Jobber, 2010). Our venture project named Organica, an organic online grocery store in United Kingdom. Organica specializes in selling fresh organic fruit, vegetable and meat products online with Manchester residents being provided with delivery services for purchased products. Strategic marketing planning plays an important role as part of our corporate plan. This is because marketing is regarded as a major activity; especially, in small business like Organica Following the marketing planning process, (McDonald, 1997, cited in Blois, 2000, p.467), phase 2 situation review enabled us to decide the approach on the planned Organica market entry. Market research established that there lies a good future for online organic market; this is due to eating organic products becoming a global trend as seen in USA, most of European countries, and Asian countries. In the UK, the demand for organic products is also increasing with an expanding economy and increasing household income (Boshevskiet al., 2013). The situation review allowed us to formulate strategies to cope up with increasing turbulence, environmental complexity and market change as phase 3 of market planning. The UK organic market is highly competitive with both indirect competitors like big supermarkets (e.g. Tesco and Ocado) and direct competitors like online organic specialities (e.g. Riverford and Abel Cole). In order not to compete with them directly, we target niche marketing with health conscious, young (aged 25 - 44) and high-income (Class A and B) consumers living in Manchester by providing high quality products in most convenient way in terms of flexible and fast speed delivery. Furthermore, we design out unique marketing mix according to the target market. For example, in terms of price, we set up relatively higher profit margins compared to our biggest competitor Abel Cole for different products because our target market is less price sensitive and higher prices often imply higher quality. As a start-up, one of the most important things is to create awareness. Therefore, promotion became a highlight in the marketing plan. We decided to adopt intense marketing tools including designing viral outdoor marketing campaigns, seasonal pop-up store, and advertisements on social networks and Google search engine to generate huge awareness in the first two years. Thus, we can focus on improving services and expanding the business in later years by avoiding being squeezed out of the market in the early stages. According to Marx (1991), numerous bureaucratic obstacles in the process of planning are the reason of failure to deliver promised benefits. Furthermore, Gluck et al. (1982) identified obstacles in each four phases of the development of strategic management. As Gluck et al. (1982) suggested our business started to face difficulties from phase 3 which is the externally oriented planning (Gluck et al., 1982). After a thorough market analysis, we met one of the biggest obstacles, which was that the plan is too constraining that prevented development of innovative ideas. This set back also forms one of the sources of resistance to strategic marketing identified by Mac Donald's 2002. After we confirmed the business model of running an organic online grocery store, we generated some ideas in order to become unique and stand out in the organic industry. Then we did a thorough competitor analysis in terms of direct and indirect competitors by searching for secondary data from official report ; visiting their websites; observing and collection of data in physical shops and running in-depth interviews. However, we found Riverford - our biggest competitor had already been running their businesses in ways we thought were unique. We were planning to promote ethical practices such as using eco-friendly packaging and carbon neutral delivery; use innovative cold insulated packaging for the meat packing; promote healthy lifestyle by writing blogs; and create our own communities through social network. But, Riverford is not only using these ideas, but also has first mover advantage of owning its own farms and has 25-years experience in the organic industry. This was frightening and threatened our decision to adopt the business idea a we envisaged failure in competing with Riverford. This problem can be viewed as the gap between theory and reality; and it does not mean marketing planning is not important. On the other hand, as Henkoff (1990) cited in Baker, 2007) suggested, we require "strategic thinking" which is characterised by focus and flexibility. After some meetings, we decided to keep the business idea and make it a success through a number of modifications. To make a differentiation form Riverford we decided to catch a niche market that is health conscious, young (aged 25 - 44) and high-income (Class A and B) consumers living in Manchester, focus on this market and build on what the company can do best. We identified the evolving needs of our customers, developing our core competencies and accelerate our ability to generate new customers and keep existing customers. For example, Riverford o...

Aristotles Theory of Slavery - 1295 Words

Some aspects of Aristotles theory of slavery Slavery -- natural or conventional? Aristoles theory of slavery is found in Book I, Chapters iii through vii of the Politics. and in Book VII of the Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle raises the question of whether slavery is natural or conventional. He asserts that the former is the case. So, Aristotles theory of slavery holds that some people are naturally slaves and others are naturally masters. Thus he says: But is there any one thus intended by nature to be a slave, and for whom such a condition is expedient and right, or rather is not all slavery a violation of nature? There is no difficulty in answering this question, on grounds both of reason and of fact. For that some should†¦show more content†¦There is a slave or slavery by law as well as by nature. The law of which I speak is a sort of convention-- the law by which whatever is taken in war is supposed to belong to the victors. But this right many jurists impeach, as they would an orator who brought forward an unconstitutional measure: they detest the notion that, because one man has the power of doing violence and is superior in brute strength, another shall be his slave and subject. So, those who hold thatShow MoreRelated Aristotles View of Slavery Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pagestime, for he regarded slavery as a natural course of nature and believed that certain people were born to be slaves due to the fact that their soul lacked the rational part that should rule in a human being; However in certain circumstances it is evident that Aristotle did not believe that all men who were slaves were meant to be slaves. In his book Politics, Aristotle begins with the Theory of The Household, and it is here that the majority of his views upon slavery are found. With the Read MoreThe Nature of Man as Political Animal Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pages Not everyone will agree with Aristotles political theory, but it is essential to understand the principals that underline the new political theories. Aristotles politics is one of the most influential books of political philosophy. His main ideology consists in that a man is by nature a political animal because he can reason and communicate with others, therefore, has the potential to alter or change his living conditions for better because he can recognize the difference from right or wrong.Read More Slavery in Aristotles Works Essay3296 Words   |  14 Pagesinvestigation of any aspect of Aristotle’s political theories is undertaken, we must take a moment to acknowledge that many of the institutions and doctrines he defends have been repudiated in modern political thought. In fact many such institutions are appalling and simply morally wrong. One such institution is slavery. Aristotle argues in the Politics that slavery is just. No argument is needed to conclude that Aristotle made a terrible ethical and moral error in defending slavery. Further we must acceptRead MoreThe Impossible Quest For The Ideal Society1645 Words   |  7 PagesSimpson HON 171 23 September 2016 The Impossible Quest for the Ideal Society The idea of the ideal society is one that has been debated for centuries. Many theories have been conjured up by intellectuals, all with differing divisions of power, wealth, and labor. Two of these competing theories are those presented in Plato’s The Republic and Aristotle’s Politics. While they both present a wide range of views on many issues, this paper will only focus on two issues that go hand-in-hand: slavery’s role inRead MoreEvolution of Slavery in Justice Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesSlavery is immoral. Why? Because we hold this truth to be self-evident: that all men are created equal? Because life, liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness are unalienable rights endowed by our Creator? (â€Å"Declaration of Independence.† 1776.) Well, not all men are created equal. At least according to our Founding Fathers, African tribes, 18th century Europeans, the ancient Romans and Greeks, and †¦ the Bible. As a matter of fact, slavery has not been im moral from humanity’s (also to be interpretedRead MoreAristotle s Views On Politics1031 Words   |  5 Pages To start off, it is important to understand where Aristotle’s is coming from. Aristotle looked for solutions in a Universal manner. Basically, the principles and solutions for correctness comes from the idea that they have to be natural more than conventional. The idea of the good from Aristotle’s point of view comes from observation, he believed that the good is the final cause(there are three others that will be discussed), and that everyone can understand judgement and collective moral actionRead MorePlato And Aristotle s View Of Civilian Expectations987 Words   |  4 Pagessituations when these laws are detrimental to themselves, or their societies. Firstly, this composition will partake in an analysis of Platonic theory regarding the roles and obligations expected of individuals within a society, referencing specific examples from Crito and othe r scholarly works. In succession, this paper will then dedicate a portion to Aristotle’s view of civilian expectations, and the factors which contribute to an individual’s willingness to accept and comply to governmental guidelinesRead More aristotle Essay859 Words   |  4 Pages a mere part and the city is more important than the individual Aristotle’s admiration of the social system in a polis shows his support to the slavery. The polis consisted of citizens which men were born to citizen parent’s women children and slaves. Men were considered to be the only rational creation and had to engage and contribute in the political association of the city, while slaves were used for work. Aristotle’s above argument had some major weakness and flaws in it, he addressRead MoreAristotle s Views On Politics980 Words   |  4 Pagesthinkers of political theory in western civilization. Therefore, it is important to understand the gist of his work Politics from our perspective. Influenced by Plato’s Republic and Laws, Politics presents synthesis of lifetime political thoughts and observations. The philosopher attempts to answer many questions such as; the relation between states and people, harnessing the best life style of citizens, best education, type of constituents, democracy, inequality and slavery. These are crucial topicsRead MoreSummary Of Juan Gin?ï ¿ ½s De Sepluvedas And Seplveda1111 Words   |  5 Pagesthat the Indians were â€Å"inferior beings† and he reinforced his idea by using Aristotle’s view on barbarians which was his theory of natural slavery . Las Casas countered Sepà ºlveda on every argument that he made against the Indians, even going as far as to rea nalyze Aristotle’s theory. Aristotle’s theory showed the differentiation between human groups who were civilized and those who were barbarians . Using Aristotle’s theory, Sepà ºlveda argued that the Indians â€Å"were irrational being whose inherently

Porter s Five Forces Framework Essay - 1605 Words

In the age of industrialisation and globalisation, there are numerous companies attempting to operate effectively and efficiently. Nonetheless, it seems to be tough for many enterprises, which are struggling to develop, survive, as well as compete against other companies. Therefore, they need wise strategies to efficiently access the balance power in a business situation and determine the level of competitiveness in industries’ environment. Porter’s â€Å"Five Forces† model focuses on business’ external environment where many factors influencing the success of companies, including industry rivalry, competition from new entrants, substitute products, bargaining power of buyers, as well as suppliers. (See Figure 1.). Porter’s Five Forces Framework Source: Adapted from Porter, 2008, p.27. Figure 1. The diagram indicates â€Å"Porter’s Five Forces Framework.† First of all, rivalry among existing competitors is also known as industry rivalry, which contains many kinds of competition, such as pricing strategies, new product launching, advertising campaigns, improvement of current goods and services, and sales promotion. (Dalken, 2014, p.3.). These types competition can be seen as barriers for many new businesses, which want to enter an industry with a high level of existing companies. Moreover, there are some other factors that help companies to determine the level of competitive rivalry, including the number of competing firms, the relative size of companies and marketShow MoreRelatedPorter s Five Forces Framework992 Words   |  4 Pages5 forces analysis Porter s Five Forces Framework is a tool for analyzing competition of a business of an industry in terms of its profitability. The most unattractive industry would be one approaching pure competition, in which available profits for all firms are driven to normal profit levels. The five-forces perspective is associated with its originator, Michael E. Porter of Harvard University. This framework was first published in Harvard Business Review in 1979. Each industry generates profitsRead MorePorter s Five Forces Framework2657 Words   |  11 Pages Porter’s Five Forces Framework EnQuest PLC, Oil and Gas Industry Cristina Cebotari BA (Hons) Business Studies with Finance â€Æ' Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 1. ABOUT THE MODEL 3 1.1 ADVANTAGES 3 1.2 DISADVANTAGES 4 2. APPLYING PORTER’S FIVE FORCES TO ENQUEST PLC 5 2.1 COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 5 2.2 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 7 2.3 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 8 2.4 THREAT OF ENTRY 9 2.5 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 9 CONCLUSION 10 APPENDIX 11 REFERENCES 13 â€Æ' IntroductionRead MoreThe Usefulness And Limitation Of Porter s Five Forces Framework1523 Words   |  7 Pages The usefulness and limitation of Porter’s Five Forces Framework Introduction Porter’s five forces is a framework, which was developed by Michael Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979, was widely used in different industries for structural analysis and corporate strategy formulation (Wu, 2012). Porter’s five forces model is considered to be a basic idea to analyze the rules of competition in an industry and stress the importantRead MoreThe Usefulness And Limitation Of Porter s Five Forces Framework1445 Words   |  6 PagesThe usefulness and limitation of Porter’s Five Forces Framework Introduction Porter’s five forces is a framework, which was developed by Michael Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979, was widely used in different industries for structural analysis and corporate strategy formulation (Wu, 2012). Porter’s five forces model is considered to be a basic idea to analyze the rules of competition in an industry and stress the important elements for the purpose of achieving a long-termRead MoreThe Usefulness And Limitation Of Porter s Five Forces Framework1498 Words   |  6 Pages I The usefulness and limitation of Porter’s Five Forces Framework Introduction Porter’s five forces is a framework, which was developed by Michael Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979, was widely used in different industries for structural analysis and corporate strategy formulation (Wu, 2012). Porter’s five forces model is considered to be a basic idea to analyze the rules of competition in an industry and stress the important elements for the purposeRead MoreAnalysis Of Porter s Five Forces Of Competition Framework1539 Words   |  7 Pagesattractiveness which can be analyzed by using â€Å"Porter’s Five Forces of Competition Framework† (Grant, 2010; pg 69). The five forces include competition from substitutes, new market entrants, and established firms as well as the power of buyers and suppliers. One of the main topics with this framework is the availability of substitutes which addresses the sensitivity to the price of a product or service and when customers will switch. Porter’s framework does not include the av ailability of complimentaryRead MoreStrategic Marketing Pl Pestle Framework And Swot765 Words   |  4 Pagesfactors are divided into two categories: macro environmental factors and internal environmental factors .Porter’s five forces model, PESTLE, GE Matrix, BCG matrix and SWOT analysis is a list of aid tools that can be used in purpose of analysing the factors and obtain strategic marketing plan. The given paper aims to provide further details about both of PESTLE framework and Porter s Five Forces model which are used to analyse the macro environmental factors, focusing on, the usefulness of each one, theRead MoreFrameworks And Models That Facilitate The It Strategy Planning Process Essay1466 Words   |  6 PagesBCIS301 - Frameworks and Models that Facilitate the IT Strategy Planning Process Results Review and Discussion Group (Alexander Vernel, Christopher Robb) CPIT, Christchurch, New Zealand Abstract: The purpose of this research is to identify frameworks and models that help support the process of creating an IT strategy plan. In order to create any plan, the creator must know the current state of the organisation, and what aspects of the organisation need to change. This research was accomplishedRead MorePorters Five Forces1232 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: The Theory of Porter’s Five Forces Porters Five Forces Kimberly S. Lawson 1018525 American Military University 04 October 2012 Abstract Michael Porter’s Five Forces model is a very sophisticated theory for calculating a company s economical standing. Michael Porter established a structure that shapes a structure that monitors an industry and is often used in strategic planning. Porter s detailed five forces model is one of the most frequentlyRead MoreThe Five Forces-General Assumption1099 Words   |  5 PagesThe five forces – general assumption The threat of the entry of new competitors Profitable markets that yield high returns will attract new firms. This results in many new entrants, which eventually will decrease profitability for all firms in the industry. Unless the entry of new firms can be blocked by incumbents, the abnormal profit rate will fall towards zero (perfect competition). * The existence of barriers to entry (patents, rights, etc.) The most attractive segment is one in which entry

Ikea Marketing Plan Essay - 4219 Words

MARKETING PLAN INTRODUCTION 3 IKEA HISTORY AND ENVIRONMENT 3 IKEA TARGET MARKET 6 BRIEF PRODUCT OVERVIEW 8 COMPETITIVE REVIEW 9 Product Positioning 9 Competitions 9 DISTRIBUTION REVIEW 9 Objective and challenges 11 Challenges 12 SWOT 13 COMPANY MARKETING CARACTERISTICS 13 PRODUCT LINE, BRAND AND SERVICES 16 PRICE 18 Designing Pricing Strategies and Programs 19 PLACE 20 PROMOTION 22 INTEGRATED MARKETING PLAN MIX 24 Budget 24 Control 24 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IKEA group is one of the top furniture retailers in the world. With its unique combination of form, function and affordability, IKEA distinguished itself from other furniture retailers. With its success in Europe, IKEA entered the American market with†¦show more content†¦To study geographical market, Ikea, as we studied before, is in many countries around the world. The marketsplace of the company is Internet where you can observe the catalogues, the different shops around the world, the tendencies of the designs†¦ The strategy they follow is to realize the people have a need and from this, they try to converse this need in a want (with promotion, modern design†¦) and this want is translated in demand which suppose the benefits for the company. In addition, the company tries to follow 3 strategies: ï  ¬ Way to expand total market demand ï  ¬ Protect current market share ï  ¬ Increase the market share To defend against competitor, Ikea uses to follow a Preemptive defense because they attack before competitors start their actions. BRIEF PRODUCT OVERVIEW IKEA offers a wide range of furniture products, from small boxes or baskets, to complete kitchens and bedrooms. Some of the most important furnishings that IKEA offers are: †¢ Upholstered furniture, coffee tables, rattan furniture, bookshelves, media storage, doorknobs †¢ Beds, wardrobes, hall furniture †¢ Dining tables and chairs †¢ Bookcass †¢ Bathroom articles †¢ Kitchens †¢ Chairs, desks †¢ Materials, curtains †¢ Garden furniture †¢ Carpets †¢ Bedlinen, bed covers, pillows/cushions †¢ Childrens items †¢ Curtain accessories †¢ Kitchen utensils †¢ Boxes, wall decoration, pictures andShow MoreRelatedIkea Marketing Plan3836 Words   |  16 PagesIkea Marketing plan Executive Summary IKEA is one of the world s top furniture retailers, and its International sells home furnishings and other housewares in about 270 stores in 35 countries. To cut transportation costs, IKEA uses flat packaging for most of its furniture; customers assemble the products at home. The company designs its own furniture, which is made by about 1,300 suppliers in more than 50 countries. IKEA s stores feature playrooms for children and value cuisine restaurantsRead MoreIkea Marketing Plan8221 Words   |  33 PagesIKEA Marketing Plan – Part I Submitted to: John Daly Submitted by: Lindsay Churchman Matthew Holland Jamie Krebs Eveline Man Chris Manellis Chelsea Slade Due Date: February 17, 2011 MRK428MS Internal Environment IKEA current marketing goal and objective The IKEA vision is to create a better life for many people who purchase their products. Their main objectives are: - IKEA produces cheap and affordable products for the customers - The company wants better life for those who cannot afford expensiveRead MoreIkea s Marketing Plan For Ikea1478 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction IKEA is an internationally known home furnishing retailer that has grown rapidly since it was founded in 1943 and is renowned around the world for its Scandinavian style. The majority of IKEA s furniture is flat-pack, ready to be assembled by the consumer that helps in the reduction of costs and packaging. Moreover; IKEA carries a range of 9,500 products, including home furniture and accessories. This wide range of option is available in all IKEA stores and customers can also orderRead MoreIke Strategic And Marketing Planning Essay1003 Words   |  5 PagesIKEA Opens More Click-and-Collect Stores as Customers Move Online An article, written by Saabira Chaudhuri, presents Ikea’s most recent plans to expand their market. The information, released in this article, illustrates both strategic and marketing planning, evident in Ikea’s latest venture. As Michael Levens explains, in our text, â€Å"strategic planning identifies the overall direction of a business†, while â€Å"marketing planning includes those activities devoted to accomplishing marketing objectives†Read MoreSmart Design4671 Words   |  19 PagesSWOT Analysis Competitive Analysis Grid Product-Branding Strategy Marketing Plan 11 Products Distribution (Place) Price Promotion Strategy Sales Process and Sales Tactics Operations Plan 12 Design and Development Plan 13 Management and Personnel 14 Schedule 15 Risks and Overcome 17 Financial Plan 18 Appendix 19 Executive Summary This document will be discussing the different aspects of the business plan for a new startup company which is about creating a unique furnitureRead MoreMarketing Planning2944 Words   |  12 Pagesthe characteristics of the marketing plan. Firstly, it will identify the role and nature of marketing plan. Secondly, it will outlines the structure of the marketing plan. Moreover, the paper will determines the each elements in the marketing plan and the linkage between these elements. Additionally, the two misconceptions will be examined. Last, it will conclude the marketing plan is indispensable to the organizations. Role and Nature of Marketing Plan Marketing plan is a business document thatRead MoreZara Marketing Plan Draft3462 Words   |  14 PagesHigher Diploma in Sales and Marketing – YEAR 3 Marketing Planning ZARA Course code/Class: 21905F/3D Group members: Chan Oi Yee (3) Chan Wing Sum (4) Cheng Jacqualine Wing Chun (5) Chiu Ka Man (9) Fong Ka Man (13) Leung Hoi Yi (22) Lecturer: Ms Cherry Tsui CONTENT INTRODUCTION EXCECUTIVE SUMMARY SITUATION ANALYSIS (PEST) SITUATION ANALYSIS (SWOT) SITUATION ANALYSIS (5 FORCES) OBJECTIVES (SHORT TERM) OBJECTIVES (LONG TERM) OBJECTIVES (PULLBACKS) TARGET MARKET MARKETING STRATEGIES FINANCIAL PLANNINGRead MoreTransnational Strategy3449 Words   |  14 Pagesinvolves a situation where a company tries to achieve maximum local responsiveness in product offering and marketing strategy, which will match different national conditions. This strategy differs from transnational strategy in that the latter looks at the bigger global market trying to take advantage of all the available global factors (Hill Jones, 2008). Under the strategy, production, marketing and research and development activities are established in each national market where the company operatesRead MoreBusiness Plan9238 Words   |  37 PagesMadam, SUBMISSION OF BUSINESS PLAN PROPOSAL (ENT 300) Referring to the subject stated above, we submitted this proposal of our project paper for our ENT 300 subject.This business plan is focusing on doing education service. The name of the service itself explains the tuition service that we offer. 2. We had put our best commitment to complete this business plan according to the guidelines and requirements given according to our subject syllabus. This business plan is constructed to serve as a blueprintRead MoreMarketing Audit Approach - Ikea1571 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing Audit Approach - IKEA Marketing Audit Overview â€Å"What is a marketing audit? Quite simply, it is a detailed analysis of the elements that constitute or influence a company’s efforts to profitably market its products- today and in future when both market and products may undergo radical change† ( John, Alexander, Theodore, 1969). The marketing audit helps to understand the fundamentals of a company’s marketing planning process. Auditing is not only conducted not only at the planning

Themes Of Immortality And Improbable Brotherhood Of...

Themes of Immortality and Improbable Brotherhood of Gilgamesh and Enkidu â€Å"The Epic of Gilgamesh† takes two very different characters and places them together with numerous battles causing an outcome of brotherhood. Gilgamesh is the fifth king of Uruk an evolving character who is two-thirds god and one-third man. He is a demigod who is known for his hubris and building the walls of Uruk for his peoples protection. Enkidu is the conception of the goddess Aruru made of clay and salvia to tame Gilgamesh of his exaggerated pride. Enkidu’s life starts with him being cared for by the animals and running free in the cedar woods. The differences mentioned about the two characters appear to fade during the reading. Readers will notice how both characters were created in the image of gods to be each other’s equal, a formed brotherhood and loss brotherhood leading to a quest for immortality. Gilgamesh has many themes that all cause the brotherhood of Gilgamesh and Enkidu which later lead to a quest for immortality. The fact are the gods have made someone as strong as Gilgamesh to defeat him when or if needed. Enkidu’s entire creation is to tame Gilgamesh the epic hero of this poem. â€Å"Although respected the hero is not always someone who is likeable† (Grandfield, 4). This described Gilgamesh how he took care of his people and ensured their safety, yet they feared him. Sexuality brings about the meeting of Gilgamesh and Enkidu. Enkidu was happy and running free in the woods until a

Breastfeeding Versus Bottle Feeding

Question: Discuss about the Breastfeeding Versus Bottle Feeding. Answer: Introduction: Breastfeeding is the provision of nutrition to a baby through breast milk of the mother by the baby suckling. It is the most commonly used method of feeding infants by mothers due to various reasons as outlined throughout this writing (Hall, 2012). On the other hand, bottle-feeding is an alternative method of feeding a baby in which a baby is fed using a feeding bottle instead of the breast. Bottle feeding can be used to either feed the baby with breast milk that has been expressed or other prepared liquid foods. This method has increasingly gained popularity in most societies over time as one of the best alternatives for breastfeeding due to a number of reasons as well that are discussed herein. There are several other methods of feeding a baby, but this writing focuses on these two approaches and aims to outline reasons for using each of these techniques, advantages, disadvantages, procedures and instances under which they can or cannot be utilized (Samour King, 2012). Besides the benefits and cons of using these means of feeding a child playing a significant role in determining the choice of a method of breastfeeding, several other factors influence the choice as well. These factors include physical, social, economic, cultural and health issues (Biddy Gardner-Webb University, 2012). The mental status of the mother can, for instance, dictate the kind of feeding to be used. In some cases mothers develop puerperal psychosis son after delivery, a factor that hinders breastfeeding because of the injury risks posed by the mother to her baby and therefore bottle feeding is used. Breastfeeding as well requires a lot of support from the family members to the mother in order for it to be used reliably. Breastfeeding and nursing of the baby demand dedication and commitment besides being time-consuming. For that reason, the mother should be supported both socially and emotionally by other family members throughout this process by exempting her from performin g some duties. On the other hand, the physical well-being of the mother and the baby are crucial determinants in the choice of baby feeding. Breastfeeding can be impossible if a mother has an injury or tenderness on her breast due to some reasons. In such circumstances, they resort to bottle feeding. In extreme cases when a mother is hospitalized for severe medical conditions, they cant also breastfeed. Notably, exclusive breastfeeding is advocated for under normal conditions for at least six months before introducing other foods besides it (Cole, 2014). However, for mothers who are infected with HIV, breastfeeding is halted at the sixth month after conception before bottle feeding is used for the baby to reduce the chances of exposing the child to the HIV virus. Equally, bottle feeding is encouraged and carried out in situations when the mother is under medical therapy involving drugs that are secreted in milk and associated with some adverse effects on the child. Furthermore, nutritional status of the mother, educational levels, cultural background and beliefs impact the perception towards breastfeeding in various societies. Moreover, the babys condition influences the method of use. Infants born prematurely have no suckling reflex and therefore are unable to breastfeed. In the same way, those with mouth deformities such as cleft lip and palate fail to suckle hence breastfeeding may be contraindicated due to the risks of aspiration. It has also been noted that there is the higher tendency of breastfeeding in younger mothers as compared to those with advanced age. Moreover, economic status also plays a significant role in influencing the technique of use. Women with higher economic status in most instances consider bottle feeding as a better option of feeding their babies (Wambach Riordan, 2014). Despite all these factors, there are other associated advantages and disadvantages for each method. In the case of breastfeeding, it can be preferred since it is non-allergic; it meets the infants nutritional needs without supplementation besides boosting of their immunity by antibodies present in breast milk. Constipation is rarely experienced as milk is easily digested. It is also economical, easy to use; no need for preparation and it enhances mother-infant attachment. It has also contributed to eating a well-balanced diet by the mother, losing weight gained during pregnancy as well as oxytocin released during breastfeeding aiding in involution. However, certain shortcomings are associated with breastfeeding such as the need for more frequent food intake by the child as well as the time to time changing of diapers due to increased frequency of passing stools. Its also hard to determine the amount of milk consumed per day if such information is required (Newman, 2014). The medication secreted in milk can affect the health and development of the infant as some are less tolerated at that tender age. It poses a challenge to mothers too since some may have discomfort breastfeeding in public. On the other hand, there are benefits associated with bottle feedings such as the baby being fed by anyone who is available at any given time whether day or night. Infants too tend to feed less frequently approximately three to four hours. Besides, the amount of milk consumed per feeding is known, and such information can be useful in tracking input and output of the baby. The caretaker can thus plan well on the amount from such information by approximating daily intake in instances when the mother may be unavailable such as when attending to other activities (Cobb-Barston, 2012). The disadvantage of this method is that it is relatively expensive as compared to breastfeeding since the formula given and the feeding bottles are bought and maintained by refrigeration. The maintenance of these bottles involves washing them and disinfecting. One can also forget to carry with them the formula and feeding bottle when traveling. This method has also been implicated in the development of constipation in infants (Hall, 2012). References Biddy, D. A., Gardner-Webb University. (2012).Why do mothers choose not to breastfeed? Boiling Springs, North Carolina: Gardner-Webb University. Cole, S. (2014).Breastfeeding challenges made easy for late preterm infants: The go-to guide for nurses and lactation consultants. New York : Springer Publishing Company Cobb-Barston, S. M. (2012).Bottled up: How the way we feed babies has come to define motherhood, and why it shouldn't. Berkeley: University of California Press. Hall, T. (2012).Save our sleep feeding: A parent's guide to healthy eating from nursing to family meals. Sydney, N.S.W: Pan Macmillan. Newman, J. (2014).Dr. Jack Newman's guide to breastfeeding. New York: Pinter Martin Samour, P. Q., King, K. (2012).Pediatric nutrition. Sudbury, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning. Wambach, K., Riordan, J. (2014).Breastfeeding and human lactation. Burlington, MA : Jones Bartlett Learning

Coffee and Company Overview Starbucks free essay sample

Starbucks is an international company which was started in 1971 at Seattle’s Pike Place Market. Today, Starbucks operates in around 60 countries around the world, and they have more than 18,000 stores. Starbucks keep expanding the number of retail stores, and as a result it is the largest and most well-known coffee shop in the world. In 1987, Howard Schulz bought Starbucks, and the company really took off in a dramatic way, and has continued to be successful from that time until today. Howard Schulz was determined to make Starbucks into a â€Å"place for conversation and community,† and this idea influenced the Starbucks mission, which is â€Å"to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time. † Starbucks has been working to increase customer satisfaction by improving beverage taste, the speed of service provided, the friendliness of Starbucks employees, and by bringing forth new retail and beverage items constantly. To Starbucks, providing service is more important than the quality of coffee. Starbucks strives to provide quality customer service and create an inviting atmosphere and an exceptional cup of coffee. 1. Identify the controllable and uncontrollable elements that Starbucks has encountered in entering global markets. According to the text, the controllable elements are those which are within the organization and are eligible to controlling the operation of an organization, which includes the management, or more detailed business plans or strategies they are carrying. The controllable elements that Starbucks has encountered in entering global markets would be higher price in Italy, and their promotion. Starbucks spends just 1% of revenue on Advertisement of new launches. There are many uncontrollable elements such as competition, culture economic forces and political/legal forces. Organizations cannot control the uncontrollable elements, but they must learn to adapt to them or, in other words, must manage them. One of those elements Starbucks has encountered in entering global markets is that 14% of economy down turn in Japan. Starbucks also have to compete with local rivals where they offer drinks at similar fare in Japan and this could be also one of the uncontrollable elements. 2. What are the major sources of risk facing the company? Starbucks are facing problems of changing generation. After riding the wave of successful baby boomers through the 1990s, they faces an ominously hostile reception from its future consumers, the twenty- or thirty-somethings of Generation X. People in this generation do not feel like spending $3 for a cup of coffee. Some young generation just find the whole Starbucks scene a bit pretentious and they would rather go to Dunkin Donuts for cheaper coffee and food. A possible solution for this problem would be offering new facilities to their customers. Starbucks continues to try fundaental store changes, such as expanding a high-speed wireless Internet service to about 1,200 Starbucks locations in North America and Europe. This offer might make new generation think that it seems reasonable to pay $3 per cup. Starbucks executives hope such innovations will be helping surmount their toughest challange in the home market: attracting the next generation of customers. 3. Critique Starbucks’ overall corporate strategy. Even though Starbucks have many stores around the world, eight cities in the U. S. and Canada remained unaccessed. Since U. S. is the starter of Starbucks, the company should expand their business to all the cities. The more outlets they have the more sales they would have. Starbucks is one of the companies which use very few advertising expenses. They rarly advertise in media and focus more on word of mouth which seems to be working but the company would improve in a better way by advertising more in media and public. If they spend more money on advertising the company would raise more in sales such as bilboard ads, commercial and public posters. Moreover, they pay low for their employees which is considered as a problem within their company. By paying the employees with more high rate, it would motivate the emplooyees to work harder which will lead to high sales. 4. How might Starbucks improve profitability in Japan? Japan is one the countries in the world that have high a Starbucks consumer rates. However, the marketing strategy in Japan is improvable in many ways. First, the price positioning in is higher compared to other countries. A customer in Japan can only buy a small size coffee with the price where a customer in US can buy a grande coffee. This should be improved since the price in Starbucks is too high compared to other coffee shops in Japan. By reducing the prce, the sales would increase with benefits. Another problem is that Starbucks tend to have long waiting lines at many stores (unless it is not located in a very rural area) which can be a huge loss time for business people in Japan. Targeting those business people, they should launch an online ordering and pick-up system so that they can order without considering the time. Consumers would find the service useful to order online by reducing the time the consumers have to spend waiting in the line and for the coffee to be made. As a marketing strategy in Japan, Starbucks should offer services that fit into Japanese cultures and lifestyles.

Media and Culture

Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Forms of media manipulation Conclusion Works Cited Abstract Media is a very powerful tool in any society and has the power to influence the public’s decision on important and sometimes very contentious issues. However, of late, the media has resorted to manipulating facts for its own good and that of various powerful persons or entities. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Media and Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Media manipulation occurs all over the world has left everybody confused and helpless because no one can judge whether what is being reported is true or not. The media is taking advantage of the people’s trust in them by hiding and covering the most important news from them and this is unrepresentative and misleading the public on very important issues. The media seems to be the most essential source of information and news but people shoul d choose what to believe and what not to believe. The objective of this paper is to discuss the methods the media use to manipulate facts and what can be done to stop this manipulation by implementing laws that should govern the media. The media should stop being controlled by powerful elites. Media manipulation should be an offence that is punishable by the law so that integrity can once again prevail in the media industry. Introduction Media is the main source of information on news happening in an area, country, and in the international scene. However, many people have repeatedly mentioned that the media manipulates the information it obtains before availing it to their audience. Media manipulation can have many definitions, however, it can generally be defined as the act of making a news item favor a particular interest. It can also be defined as the suppression and omission of information by making the audience to believe or not to believe a story or deviating the audienceâ⠂¬â„¢s attention on another story instead of the issue at hand. Media manipulation is a powerful tool that is being used by contemporary media organizations to deceive the public and it is very unfortunate that the people with money and who own power are the people controlling the media. Most people in the media industry have constantly claimed that media manipulation of news is inevitable and that most of the perceived manipulations result from human faults, working under deadlines, insufficient printing space, limited financial resources, and the challenge of summarizing a long intricate complex news item into an abridged simple report. I differ with these excuses and instead argue that these are deliberate attempts to hide the truth from the public and if urgent and precarious measures are not put into place, it may reach unmanageable levels. Although the press has to be selective of what it airs, this does not give them an opportunity to favor other people or distort the truth. Media companies have been known to favor large corporations and wealthy people (Kuyper, 25). The problem is so rampant that it has become difficult to depend on any single media company for political, social and economic information. Media manipulation is being carried out mainly in three ways: distortion, concealing information and deceit (O’Shaughnessy Staedler, 114).Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Forms of media manipulation The media can persuade the public to buy certain products claiming that they are better than for their competitors through advertisements yet they know the products are not good, vote for particular political figures and even to support some courses yet they are sure that the course is not worthy and the political figures are not worthy of election. Their main aim is to sell the idea, product or publicize the public figure even if it means brai nwashing the public without caring about the needs of their audience and I suggest this should be declared punishable by the law. Distraction is another way the media manipulates facts. This can occur either through distraction by a phenomenon whereby the public is distracted from a very important subject at hand as was seen when the media tried to divert the public’s attention form the Clinton-Lewinsky affair by putting news regarding military attacks in Sudan and Afghanistan to the fore. Distraction can also occur through fear mongering whereby citizens are frightened if they engage in or do not engage in a certain act, a tragic end might result. For example, the media might try to coerce the public into voting for certain bills, claiming that failure to vote for such bills might lead to certain economic implications. The media has also been known to provide only a one sided story that favors certain interests. Most of the journalists tend to ignore the fact that there are always two sides to every contentious issue and base most of their stories on one side. They will always cover the one side of the story and make sure that their side is well represented (Wentworth, 116). Biasness is a common strategy used by the media to manipulate facts. This occurs when the media opts to support, favor or attack an individual, political party, religion, a particular race, ethnic group or an idea. Other forms of media bias are advertising bias whereby stories are chosen to please the advertisers and mainstream bias where they avoid what should be reported and report what others media companies are reporting. The media can also use biased polls that are misleading to support their positions and include them in news. For example, poll results may be skewed to favor certain persons or the research may not have been based on sound research methodologies. A final form of manipulation of facts occurs in the form of suppression and omission and this occurs when reporte rs deliberately omit some sections of their reports. The media can even lie about some issues or twist the stories that they are fully aware and claim not to have heard of such news.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Media and Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Instead of the media being a people centered institution, it has become a vehicle to distract people’s attention away from major issues and it is becoming more and more biased. Strict laws should be enacted to return honesty back into the news that are aired and read all over the world for most media outlets cannot be counted on to give true information and to provide unbiased argument of issues. The explanation that news bias is unavoidable should not apply here, our media should exercise honesty and give the right information to the public otherwise their competence cannot be approved as they are always misleading the masses. We a re not puppets in the hands of the media, instead of playing its role in informing the people what is going on, it has become a means of mass manipulation and we should build immunity to manipulation. Works Cited Kuyper, Jim A. Press Bias and politics. Westport: Praeger, 2002. Print. O’Shaughnessy, Michael Staedler, Jane. Media and Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. Print. Wentworth, Willium M. Production of Culture in the Mass media. NewYork City: Allyn Bacon, 1998. Print This essay on Media and Culture was written and submitted by user Colton Harrison to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Stayhome Dads

We hear about the famous scenario all the time. A working woman leaving her desktop for a laptop at home to better parent her children. However, have working men also been inserted in the real life scenario? The answer is YES! Many men have given up their jobs to become stay-at-home parents and I absolutely agree with their decisions to make a change to alter the future lives of their children. Times have definitely changed as well as the roles of women. America used to be viewed as the country with working fathers bringing home the financial means while the mother’s job was to raise the children. It is widely known that women stayed home and made sure the children were bathed, clothed, and fed. Women have risen up to the challenges of men in the work force, which means there is a demand for roles to be either shared or switched at home between the mother and father. I think that our society is changing so much that a stay-at-home father is uncommon but isn’t such a big deal. We are starting to get use to everything changing and women taking a stand. Now that our society is beginning to be open minded, fathers don’t even see it as a issue or as an interference in living their lives has â€Å"working† men. However, with all this said the question often arises, â€Å"Who’s taking care of the children?† Many parents believe in hiring nannies for their children, but I do not feel this is right. I like the idea of a parent staying home or cutting hours to spend time with their children. Not many people are fortunate to have parents or to even have kids so to be able to have the best of both worlds just seems like a blessing and something that would be tragic to miss out on. I think children really benefit from having their dads home. That is a learning experience. We grow up automatically drawn to our mothers because they provide the nurture and love we need. I think having a father would be a different kind of nu... Free Essays on Stayhome Dads Free Essays on Stayhome Dads We hear about the famous scenario all the time. A working woman leaving her desktop for a laptop at home to better parent her children. However, have working men also been inserted in the real life scenario? The answer is YES! Many men have given up their jobs to become stay-at-home parents and I absolutely agree with their decisions to make a change to alter the future lives of their children. Times have definitely changed as well as the roles of women. America used to be viewed as the country with working fathers bringing home the financial means while the mother’s job was to raise the children. It is widely known that women stayed home and made sure the children were bathed, clothed, and fed. Women have risen up to the challenges of men in the work force, which means there is a demand for roles to be either shared or switched at home between the mother and father. I think that our society is changing so much that a stay-at-home father is uncommon but isn’t such a big deal. We are starting to get use to everything changing and women taking a stand. Now that our society is beginning to be open minded, fathers don’t even see it as a issue or as an interference in living their lives has â€Å"working† men. However, with all this said the question often arises, â€Å"Who’s taking care of the children?† Many parents believe in hiring nannies for their children, but I do not feel this is right. I like the idea of a parent staying home or cutting hours to spend time with their children. Not many people are fortunate to have parents or to even have kids so to be able to have the best of both worlds just seems like a blessing and something that would be tragic to miss out on. I think children really benefit from having their dads home. That is a learning experience. We grow up automatically drawn to our mothers because they provide the nurture and love we need. I think having a father would be a different kind of nu...

Business communication Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business communication - Outline Example They vary mainly in the decision making process, that is, in the Centralized Structure, the topmost management controls all the decision making and exercises strict control over the lower layers of the structure. In a Decentralized Structure however, everyone is involved in the decision making process A well designed Organization structure gives out the authority and responsibility to the respective individuals. If each person in the organization knows what his role is, a lot of chaos can be avoided in the organization. (organizationalstructure.net). With the help of the organizational chart, individuals can understand their roles and how to relate to one another in the organization. An organization chart gives the pattern of communication and coordination in the organization. This would also hinder the exchange of information and efficient problem solving. (taxarticles.info). Hopgood Sports Limited: Problems In spite of good business acumen of the management, there seem to be certai n problems with the running of Hopgood Sports Limited, in terms of organization, or technically, the lack thereof. Some of the problems are: 1. Staffing problems: Hopgood Sports Limited seems to be understaffed, in spite of the fact that they can afford it quite easily. 2. Inaccessibility of decision maker: The management, i.e. Mr. Hopgood, is not always easily accessible because he is always on the move from one store to another. This causes a lot of decision making to be put on hold and also may cost various opportunities for Hopgood Sports Limited. 3. Technological backwardness, with physical distances between the various stores acting as a major impediment for efficient management 4. The Organizational Structure of Hopgood Sports Limited also is not up to the mark. This has been discussed further below. Current Organization Structure of Hopgood Sports Limited: From the above illustrated current organizational structure of Hopgood Sports Limited, we can see that there is no unifo rmity in the structure, that is, in the different branches of the store. The structure of each store is different from the other in terms of number of employees and accountability. This might be fine for now but will lead to a lot of chaos and confusion in the future, when Hopgood Sports Limited is on the pathway to further expansion. A lack of uniformity in the structure also will leave the employees confused when it comes to inter store communication as they may not know with whom they must communicate what information. Also, it does not clearly explain the accountability of the employees. Recommendations for Hopgood sports limited Hopgood Sports is a good, stable business with few glitches that a well designed Organizational Structure can rectify. Here are some of the recommendations for Hopgood Sports Limited. 1. Mr. Hopgood seems to have bitten off more than he can chew. He is seriously overworked and the main reason for this is that Hopgood Sports Limited is not well staffed. He should hire more people for employment in his various stores. Since, he can afford to do that, after recruitment and apportionment, he can take a backseat and concentrate on supervising the running of the place instead of running all around the city that might make Hopgood Sports Limited more susceptible to expansion. 2. Mr. Hopgood’s inaccessibility can easily be solved with the above point. If he were to be at a particular store as head office, he could be

Meuse-Argonne Offensive Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Meuse-Argonne Offensive - Research Paper Example The battle led to the stronghold of Allies with a loss of German’s on the Western front.   The European states vied together for power and military alliance. Britain, France and Russia from Asia formed a strong block. It was now a must for Germany to find a suitable alliance that could eliminate the danger of its extermination. Austria and Turkey were there for her. Then an incident, in the city of Sarajevo, made the European nations face a situation that the western philosophers feared for years. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and his wife Sophie led to hostilities between Serbia and Austria. The involvement of Russia and Germany on the side of Serbia and Austria, respectively, made the situation worse. Things became uncontrollable, as more and more countries began to get involved in the matter. On August 4, 1914, the German army marched into Belgium. As the war got fierce, more and more war fronts opened for Germany. With the beginning of revolution in Russia in 1 918, Germany deployed its freed troops on the western front. Using remarkable tactics of long wars, Germany gained many achievements and the French armies were then in retreat. The Germans had to face mines and military of the American Expeditionary Force at Belleau Wood, which slowed down its advancement. Meanwhile, the French army reformed its front, together with the British army. The whole area from the Meuse River to the top of the Mountains of Argonne was under a stronghold of the Germans. The presence of mines, camouflaged trenches, heavy artillery and a large number of German troops made this area a difficult battlefield for the Allies. The Argonne forest provided a good shelter to the Germans, where they could rest without the risk of being attacked. It was so because the area was lined by guns, mines and trenches and supported by artillery fire. There was no place, on the western front where the German army could think itself more safe and sound than the Argonne forest. Th is was probably the reason, for the Allies, to think the battle at this field as a decisive one. With a fresh American army on the southern flank of the western front, the Allies could now think of an offensive on the German troops in the Argonne forests. At 5:30 on the afternoon of September 26th, the American 1st Army jumped off with the French holding their flanks. The U.S. Army and the French 4th Army shared the Meuse-Argonne offensive which proved to be the biggest and the deadliest one for the American Expeditionary Force in the World War I. The French General Mariano Goybet, commanding the 157 Red Hand Division, indulged in the Meuse-Argonne offensive on 28th September. (â€Å"Meuse-Argonne Offensive†) 371 and 372 were two of his African American regiments. During the first nine days, the 372 regiment progressed through 4.8 miles of enemy defense. They captured 600 prisoners, 15 heavy guns, 20 Minenwerfers and about 150 machine guns. (â€Å"Meuse-Argonne Offensiveâ₠¬ ) The 372 regiment’s part was very important in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. The regiment suffered total casualties of 500 men.

Neo-liberal Critique of the Welfare State Essay Example for Free

Neo-liberal Critique of the Welfare State Essay The welfare state refers to the initiative of the government in a country to take care of the wellbeing of the public. Under the welfare state, the government undertakes the responsibility of protecting and promoting the economic and social welfare of its people (Kuhnle 2000). The welfare state is based on the equality of all. In a welfare state, the government is involved in the lives of its people on all levels. The burden of providing for the physical and social needs of the people is almost fully placed on the government. The main objective of the welfare state is the creation of economic equability and striving to improve the standards of living. The government ensures fair distribution of resources, provision of equal opportunities, and provision of public services to those who lack the means to acquire them. The government in this case takes the accountability for the wellbeing of its people (Gooden et al. 1999). Hypothetically, the responsibility is supposed to be inclusive given the fact that the welfare of the people is generally considered as a right. This is to say that citizens are entitled to the welfare state. This can also be taken to refer to the establishment of â€Å"social safety net† (Rice, Goodin and Parpo 2006). Neoliberals have attacked the welfare state from different angles with some advocating for its complete abolishment and others claiming that it should be partially eradicated (Barrow 1998). They have given very many reasons as to why the welfare state should be reviewed and necessary measures taken. They have provided a number of reasons as to why the welfare state should be reconsidered. Neo-liberals are the advocates of economic liberalization as the means by which social progress can be achieved (Niggle 2006). This paper evaluates the neo-liberal critique of the welfare state. The neo-liberals advocate for a free and liberal economy where every person is involved. It is from this perspective that the welfare state is criticized for failing to give the citizens a chance to participate in the liberal market economy (Rice, Goodin and Parpo 2006). It is argued that the welfare state makes people reliant on the government and thus fail to labor for their own needs. Most developed countries have established welfare states for providing for the needs of their people. As a result, most people do not see the need to toil when their needs can be met freely. Nevertheless, there have been studies that have provided the claim that there is no connection between the economic performance and appending on welfare in the world economies. This means that there is no proof of the fact that the welfare state hinders social progress (Niggle 2006). When the progress of some of the developed countries that provide welfare is analyzed, it is clear that some of the countries that spend less on welfare are doing worse than those that spend more. For example, the US performs worse than a country like Netherlands. This is despite the fact that the latter spends more on welfare state than the former. This therefore shows that the welfare state could contribute, but is not responsible for uneven social progress (Gooden et al. 1999). The opponents of the welfare state claim that it tends to put the burden of providing for the citizens on some people while others sit back and enjoy. This is supported by the fact that the welfare state is financed through the taxpayers’ money (Kuhnle 2000). This is from the people who are employed and working hard to earn an income. Their income is taxed to provide for the people in the country who are not able to work through the welfare state. This can however be countered by the fact that there is a great income inequality in the society today. Inequality exists between executives and the average workers, between male workers and female workers and between people of different races. The welfare state is one way of ensuring that there is redistribution of resources and income for uniform development and also to take care of the marginalized groups in the society (Rice, Goodin and Parpo 2006). There has been criticism on the welfare state based on the dispensations made by the capitalists. This is done in the efforts to redirect the working class away from the need to follow an entirely socialist society and economy. This is what has been evident in a country like Germany. Additionally, the socialist class is a strong believer in patching up the inefficient capitalist economy and revealing the loopholes in the capitalist economy. They believe that the welfare system will not be necessary where government and ownership of the means of production is implemented (Kuhnle 2000). The critics also claim that the welfare state and the contemporary social democratic programs stifle the motivation of the market. This is so because of the provision of resources like unemployment insurance policies, minimum pay, profits on taxes, and reduction of the reserved labor. The result of this is that there is very little motivation to invest. Basically, the opponents claim that the welfare state demoralizes the capitalist economy and its incentive organization. There is no capitalist who will be motivated to invest his capital in order to feed the entire society (Itoh 1995). Another criticism views the welfare state as stealing of the wealth of slavery. This is based on the classical liberal fundamental right to obtaining and property ownership. From this point of view, it is a fundamental right of every person to be in ownership of his own body and thus be allowed to enjoy the fruit of the labor of that body (Cook 2001). This is where the transfer of money from one person to another by the state in the name of the welfare state is considered stealing. It is also a form of forced labor where some people have to work hard only for the benefit of others. Despite the fact that the welfare state is created by a democratically elected government, it infringes this fundamental right that every person is entitled to. This leads to less motivation to work, where one begins to view his or her labor as being for the benefit of others. The welfare state imposes what is referred to as Servile Law (Waarden and Lehmbruch 2003). This law shares the element of the ancient slavery. According to this law, positive law states that some individuals must toil for others, who in the same way must take care of them. This is unfair because one group of the public works for one that does not work. The group that is fed from the sweat of others is mostly comprised of people who have intentionally refused to work (Mendes 2003). Some other critics argue that the welfare state tends to offer its benefactors with the same rate of income as the minimum payment (Gould 1993). This has encouraged more people to sit back and wait for the welfare. The dependants of the welfare state do not find the need to work for minimum wage where even without working they will receive the same amount. This has led to the creation of a class of citizens that are fully dependant on the welfare state. This is despite the fact that the welfare is available only for the citizens who are not able to work. In the United Kingdom for example, the idea of the welfare state was aimed at poverty alleviation by offering certain individuals basic necessities (Niggle 2006). The state of affairs currently is that the welfare state has extended to provision of finances to a large number of individuals than the nation is able to afford. There is a feeling by some supporters that this argument is ideally untrue. They argue that in the United Kingdom, the welfare system offers people very little finances compared to the minimum wage in the country. However, the dependants of the social welfare in this country have the feeling that they need to access more benefits from the government. If the government bends to these demands, it is evident that the country could be in a very huge financial trouble. People have become so dependant on the welfare state until they feel that it is their right to make demands (Cook 2001). Neo-liberals criticize the welfare state for leading to increase in taxes. This criticism is logical because the finances for the welfare states come from taxes. Enough money has to be availed for the system to operate well and ensure that all the benefactors are covered. This can only be done through ensuring that enough money is obtained through taxation from those who are working. This leads to an increase in taxes. This is basically true from case studies like in Denmark, where the tax level went up to 48. 9 percent of the country’s GDP in the year 2007. Another similar case is Sweden where the tax level was as high as 48. 2 percent of the country’s GDP in the same year (Xu 2007). This however does not mean that there is a reduction in the income of the people in the countries in question. It is argued that this is so because the state taxes ideally return to the workers it is obtained from. This is from the fact that most of the money from tax is used in the provision of public amenities that are enjoyed by the same people who are the tax payers (Barr 2004). The opponents believe that the welfare benefits offered by the government are more costly and less effective than if the same were offered by the private sector. This is in line with a liberal economy where the private sector is offered an important part to play in the economy. In the year 2000, Louis Kaplow and Steven Shafell produced two articles with the argument that any social program founded on the elements of equality and impartiality would lead to an economical system that is Pareto inefficient (Barr 2004). It is obvious that every commodity that is offered free of charge at the consumption point would obviously be highly demanded. There would be efficient allocation of resources if stipulation reflects the charges (Mendes 2003). There have been arguments that the welfare system undermines the conventional family life. Dependence on welfare state encourages over-reliance on the government and increment of social evils. Single parenthood has been encouraged since people know that they will be taken care of by the state. It has been argued that the welfare state fails on moral, social and economic grounds. The welfare system has led many people to relax and wait for the free income. As a result, people have become reluctant to get education and employment. This has led to the increase of social evils as a result. This shows that the welfare state does the society more evil than good (Cook 2001). Conclusion The welfare state was established with the needs of the people who are not able to work in mind. It is a fact that most of the criticisms against the welfare state are true. The welfare state has led to over reliance on the government, making people less inclined to work. It is also true that they have tended to discourage capital investment where people will work to benefit those who are not working. The welfare state has also led to an increase in taxes, as more finances are needed to fund the welfare state. These are some of the neo-liberal criticisms of the welfare state. This does not mean that the welfare state should be completely abolished. As mentioned in the paper, there is great income disparity in the community today. This is not the fault of those who are unfortunate to have low income and those who are not able to access employment. There is dire need to redistribute resources and income in the society. There is no better way of doing this than taxation for provision through the welfare state. The welfare state was also created for a noble objective that is, benefiting those who are unfortunate and marginalized in the society. This group is still in the society and abolishment of the welfare state will be a problem to them. It is however undeniable that something needs to be done to make this system more effective and efficient for economical development. One of the ways forward is to restrict the spending on the welfare state. This will be achieved through restructuring of the policy and reviewing the benefactors. Neo-liberal critics agree that there is need for minimum provision for those in need. This means that the system cannot be entirely abolished, but there is need for serious changes on it. This way it will be able to meet its objectives to the society, while at the same time allowing for economical development. Studies need to be carried out to find the best way forward as far as the welfare state is concerned. Barr, N. 2004, Economics of the welfare state, Oxford University Press, New York. Barrow, C. 1998, State Theory and the Dependency Principle: An Institutionalist Critique of the Business Climate Concept, Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. 32. Cook, P. 2001, Discrediting Neo-Liberalism: The Social Democratic Welfare State Of The Netherlands. Available on May 12, 2010 from http://www. wlu. edu/documents/shepherd/academics/cap_01_cook. pdf Gooden, R. et al. 1999, The Real Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Gould, A. 1993, Capitalist Welfare Systems, Longman, New York. Itoh, M. 1995, Political Economy for Socialism, St. Martins Press, New York. Kuhnle, S. 2000, Survival of the European Welfare State, Routledge, New York. Mendes, P. 2003, Australias Welfare Wars: the Players, the Politics and the Ideologies, University of New South Wales Press, Sydney. Niggle, C. 2006, â€Å"Neo-Liberal Economic Policy: Critical Essays,† Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. 40. Rice, J. , Goodin, R. Parpo, A. 2006, â€Å"The Temporal Welfare State: A Cross-national Comparison,† Journal of Public Policy 26 (3): 195–228. Waarden, F. Lehmbruch, G. 2003, Renegotiating the Welfare State: Flexible Adjustment Through Corporatist Concertation, Routledge, New York. Xu, Q. 2007, â€Å"Globalization, Immigration and the Welfare State: A Cross-National Comparison,† Journal of Sociology Social Welfare, Vol. 34.